| A | B |
|---|
| Classical conditioning | Learning that one stimulus signals the arrival of another stimulus |
| reflex | A stimulus response pair (food in the mouth and salvation) in which the stimulus automatically elicits the response |
| Unconditional stimulus (UCS) | The reflexive stimulus (food in the mouth) that elicits the automatic response (salivation) |
| Unconditioned Response (UCR) | The response automatically elicited by the UCS |
| Delayed conditioning | the CS remains on until after the UCS is presented, so that the two stimuli occur at the same time |
| Trace Conditioning | there is a period of time between turning off the CS and the onset of the UCS (called the trace interval), when neither stimulus is present |
| Extinction | the diminishing of the CR when the UCS no longer follows the CS |
| Spontaneous recovery | a partial recovery in strength of the CR collowing a break during extinction trials |
| Discrimination | is the elicitation of the CR only by the CS or only by a small set of highly similar stimuli that includes the CS |
| Operant Conditioning | learning to associate behaviors with their consequences. Behaviors that are reinforced will be strengthened, and behaviors that are punished will be weakened. |
| Law of Effect | Any behavior that results in satisfying consequences tends to be repeated, and any behavior that results in unsatisfying consequences tends not to be repeated |
| Punisher | A stimulus that decreases |
| Reinforcement | the process by which the probability of a response is increased by the presentation of a reinforcer following the response |
| Punishment | the process by which the probability of a response is decreased by the presentation of a punisher following the response |
| Appetitive stimulus | A stimulus that the animal or human finds pleasant |
| Aversive stimulus | A stimulus that the animal or human finds unpleasant |
| Positive reinforcement | An appetitive stimulus is presented |
| Positive punishment | An aversive stimulus is present |
| Positive reinforcement | Praising a child for doing the chores would be an example of positive reinforcement or Positive punishment |
| Positive punishment | Spanking a child for not obeying the rules would be an example Positive punishment or Positive reinforcement |
| Negative reinforcement | An aversive stimulus is removed |
| Negative punishment | An appetitive stimulus is removed |
| Negative reinforcement | Taking advil to get rid of a headache would be an example of Negative reinforcement or Negative punishment |
| Negative punishment | Taking away a teenager's driving privileges after she breaks curfew would be an example of Negative reinforcement or Negative punishment |
