| A | B |
|---|
| Acid is | a substance that can release hydrogen ions in solution |
| Base is | a substance that can accept hydrogen ions in solution |
| Blood pH Must be Kept Close to | 7.4 |
| The range of change of pH of in either direction that is considered serious is | 0.2 units |
| A buffer is | a substance that can reversibly bind hdrogen ions |
| The chief blood buffer is | a mixture of bicarbonate and carbon dioxide |
| CO2 acts as an acid donating | hydrogen ions when they are needed |
| Blood pH is determined by a balance between | bicarbonate and CO2 |
| Acidosis is caused by | too much CO2 or too little HCO3 |
| Alkalosis is caused by | too much HCO3 or too little CO2 |
| Blood pH is Chiefly Regulated by | the Lungs and Kidneys |
| The blood bicarbonate level is adjusted in | the kidney |
| The kidneys dispose of | non-volatile acids produced in metabolism |
| The buffer sodium bicarbonate, is filtered by the glomerulus and then reabsorbed in | the proximal tubule |
| Carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubular cells catalyses the reaction to | carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) |
| Ammonia is produced enzymatically from | glutamine and other amino acids |
| Aldosterone promotes | sodium ion and water reabsorption in the distal tubule and collecting duct |
| Erythropoietin which stimulates | red cell production |
| Aldosterone is released when there is a | decrease in serum sodium ion concentration |
| The kidneys remove excess H by forming | ammonium ion (NH4+) in the tubules |
