| A | B |
|---|
| Plasma clearance is | the volume of plasma that is cleared of a specific substance each minute |
| Proteins and glucose have | zero renal clearance |
| The site of the is major RBF pressure drop is | the afferent arteriole |
| The renal blood flow (RBF) at rest, equivalent to | 1 L/min |
| Autoregulation dampens systemic blood pressure changes by | altering the afferent arterioles diameters |
| Autoregulation occurs | between 70 and 210 mmHg |
| Autoregulation of RBF | is by myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms |
| Tubuloglomerular feedback occurs between | macula densa (MD) cells and cells of the afferent arteriole |
| When fluid delivery and NaCl transport at MD increase | there are increases in cell Na and Ca |
| Renin is produced at | the granular cells of afferent arterioles |
| Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex inducing | the release of aldosterone |
| GBM sieving function | allows free passage of neutral molecules up 18 micron radius |
| In kidney disease, proteinuria may be due | to loss of negative charge selectivity or to increasing numbers of large size pores of the basement membrane |
| The thin segment of the loop of Henle is specialized for | passive transport |
| Active transport moves | proteins, amino acids, glucose, fructose, and sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate and chloride ions |
| Passive transport moves | water, chloride and sodium ions, urea, and lipid-soluble compounds |
| Sodium is actively transported across | the proximal tubule |
| Cortical Loop of Henle is responsible for | the reabsorption of solute |
| Medullary Loop of Henle is responsible for | the concentrating urine |
| Distal tubule is responsible for | the pH regulation by secreting H+ into the urine |
| ADH increases water reabsorption and concentrates urine in the | Collecting ducts |
| ADH release is stimulated by | increased blood osmolality or a decrease in blood pressure |
| The atrial natriuretic factor | inhibits ADH production |
| The ascending limb of the loop of Henle | is impermeable to water |
| The medulla is composed of | renal pyramids, separated by renal columns |
| Nephrons are | cortical 80% and juxta-medullary 20% |
| The glomerular Bowman's capsule,proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located in | the cortex |
| The loop of Henle is located in | the medulla |
| Podocytes are cells that compose the | inner layer of the Bowman's capsule. |
| The glomerular ultrafiltrate, formed under the force of | blood pressure |
| The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is | the volume of filtrate produced by both kidneys |
| GFR ranges from | 115 to 125 ml/min. |
| The GFR can be regulated by | constriction or dilation of the afferent arterioles |
| Sympathetic innervation to the kidney causes . | constriction of the afferent arterioles |
| About 65% of the filtered salt and water is reabsorbed across | the proximal convoluted tubules |
| The renal reabsorption of water occurs as a result of | the countercurrent multiplier system |
| Sodium is actively extruded from the | ascending limb of Henle |
| In the ascending limb of Henle filtrate becomes | hypotonic |
| The hypertonicity of the medulla is multiplied by a | positive feedback mechanism |
| The collecting duct is | permeable to water but not to salt |
| The permeability of the collecting ducts to water is stimulated by | antidiuretic hormone |
| Inulin is use to measure | the glomerular filtration rate |
| PAH clearance is a measure of | the total renal blood flow. |
| In normal function all of the filtered glucose through the kidney is | reabsorbed |
| Aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the | distal convoluted tubule. |
| Aldosterone secretion is stimulated directly by a rise in | blood potassium |
| Decreased renal blood flow stimulates the secretion of the | renin |
| Renin is produced by the | juxtaglomerular apparatus. |
| Renin catalyzes the formation of | angiotensin I |
| Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete | aldosterone |
| Aldosterone stimulates the secretion of | H+, and potassium in exchange with Na+ |
| Loop diuretics | inhibit active Na+ transport in the ascending limb and early distal tubule |
| Osmotic diuretics are extra solutes that | increase the osmotic pressure of the filtrate |
| The potassium-sparing diuretics act on the distal tubule to | inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and secretion of K+. |
| Renal dialysis is used to treat | renal insufficiency |
