| A | B |
|---|
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element |
| atomic number | the number of protons of an element |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down by chemical process into simpler substances |
| iso- | "same" |
| proton | subatomic particle with low mass and a positive (+) charge |
| mass number | the number of protons plus neutrons in an element |
| electron | subatomic particle with negligible mass and a negative (-) charge |
| radioistope | an isotope in the the nucleus is highly unstable and breaks apart, giving off energy |
| neutron | subatomic particle that has mass and is neutral |
| half-life | the amount of time it takes for half the atoms in a given sample to undergo radioacative decay |
| chemical reaction | a reaction in which chemical bonds are made and broken |
| atomic weight | the total mass of an atom |
| amu | that mass of one proton or 1 Dalton |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond where electrons are donated/received |
| double bond | a covalent bond where two pairs of electrons are shared between atoms |
| ions | a charged atom |
| cations | a positively charged atom |
| anion | a negatively charged atom |
| compound | two or more different elements bound together in definite proportions |
| base | a compound that releases hydroxide ions or receives hygrogen ions |
| acid | a compound that releases hydrogen ions |
| bio- | living things |
| -ology | th study of |
| organic compound | carbond containing compound |
| polymer | hundreds to thousands of monomers |
| carbohydrate | macromolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| monosaccharide | simplest carbohydrate (monomer) |
| lipid | nonpolar macromolecule made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen |
| hormone | chemical messengers that send signals from one body part to another (lipids) |
| protein | macromolecule made up of amino acids |
| amino acid | protein monomer |
| peptide bond | carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid |
| enzyme | proteins that speed up specific reactions |
| catalyst | speed up |
| substrate | molecules that specific enzymes bind to and modify |
| active site | surface where substrate interacts |
| nucleic acid | large molecules that make DNA and RNA |
| nucleotide | nucleic acid monomerschm |
| monomer | small organic molecules |
