| A | B |
|---|
| Inuits | Arctic Indians known as Eskimoes,  |
| Seminole | Florida,  |
| Pawnee | Great Plains and Buffalo,  |
| Hopi | Desert Indians that built Pueblos and Adobes,  |
| Kwakiutl | Northwest Indians that built Totem Poles,  |
| Nez Perce | Native American tribe of the plateau regions |
| Great Plains | also known as Bread Basket because of farming,  |
| Coastal Plain | Also known as Atlantic Coastal Plain because along the Atlantic Ocean,  |
| Death Valley | One of the hottest places on Earth that gets very little rainfall,  |
| Grand Canyon | Created by erosion from Colorado River,  |
| Great Basin | think of it like a sink with mountains on all sides,  |
| Great Lakes | 5 bodies of fresh water near Canada,  |
| Erie Canal | uses a set of locks to let boats move through a man-made waterway,  |
| Louisiana Purchase | purchased by Thomas Jefferson from the French and opened up land to Westward Expansion,  |
| Alamo | Old missionary church where a group of Texans fought against Santa Anna's army from Mexico. The Mexicans won the battle over the land and killed all of the people inside. This led to the saying "Remember the Alamo".,  |
| Ohio River Valley | This was french and Indian controlled lands that English settlers tried to use. Primary area where the French and Indian War took place.,  |
| Cost of French and Indian War | Led to the need for King George 3rd to tax colonists |
| Oregon Trail | famous route used by wagon trains to get from the Missouri River to the West Coast (Pacific Ocean),  |
| Transcontinental Railroad | first two steam locomotives to cross the country and meet in Promontory Point, Utah,  |
| Southern Colonies | North and South Carolina, Georgia, Virginia, and Maryland. Primary crops were indigo, tobacco, rice, and pigs. Home large farms called plantations.,  |
| St. Lawrence River | Connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes and the interior of North America,  |
| artisan | skilled worker who makes things by hand,  |
| blacksmith | creates things out of heated metal,  |
| conquistadors | Spanish Explorers who conquered native american tribes in search of gold,  |
| merchant | a store owner,  |
| minutemen | colonial militia who were ready to fight in a moment's notice. They were made famous at Lexington and Concord.,  |
| Ponce de Leon | Conquistador who visited Florida in search of Fountain of Youth,  |
| Robert Fulton | came up with the steamboat the made travel up and down rivers much easier,  |
| Telegraph | sent messages across great distances using Samuel Morse's Morse Code,  |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Two steam locomotives that met at Promontory Point, Utah and went across the continent, |
| War of 1812 | Francis Scott Key wrote "Star Spangled Banner" while watching British fleet attacking United States Fort McHenry,  |
| buffalo hunters | killed millions of buffalo that interfered with the transcontinental railroad.,  |
| No Taxation without Representation | rallying cry by the patriots about being taxed by King George 3rd when know one was listening to their concerns |
| Supply | how much you have of something,  |
| demand | how much people want it. The more they want it the higher the price.,  |
| inflation | all prices go up and your money buy less. This would be a good time to save it.,  |
| deflation | all prices go down and your money buys more. This is a good time to spend it. |
| opportunity cost | a choice that you make to do one thing instead of another,  |
| survey | questions that you give out to help you get information about something so you can make a better decision. |
| scarcity | things that are very valuable because there isn't much of it.,  |
| Middle Colonies | New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. They tended to fish, raise cattle, and cut timber.,  |
| Declaration of Independence | Gave us our freedom from England,  |
| Olive Branch Petition | Request by Continental Congress for changes from King George 3rd. He crumpled it up and threw it away.,  |
| California Gold Rush | First gold found at Sutter's Mill. ONe of the main reasons people wanted to go west.,  |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that we had a right to move across North America and that we were superior to all inhabitants. |
| Womens' suffrage | looking for equal rights with men; right to vote; led by Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Sojourner Truth,  |
| Disease | the number one killer of native americans who came into contact with European settlers,  |
| indentured servants | poor people who agreed to work for someone else for a period of 7 years in return for paying for their trip to North America from Europe,  |
| plantations | huge farms in the south that tended to use large amounts of slaves to help pick crops like cotton,  |
| Stamp Act | tax on paper products like envelopes and newspaper; used to help pay for the cost of the French and Indian War,  |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Women's Right Convention led by Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Sojourner Truth,  |
| Patrick Henry | Hero of the American Revolution who said, "Give me liberty or give me death!",  |
| Bill of Rights | First ten amendments to the United States Constitution that protected individual rights against a government like King George 3rd that was too powerful.,  |
| Sojourner Truth | Women's suffrage and abolitionist who did the "Ain't I a women" speech,  |
| Harriet Tubman | helped slaves escape to the North on the Underground Railroad,  |
| Jacques Cartier | French explorer who explored Canada and the St. Lawrence River looking for the fabled Northwest Passage,  |
| artifacts | tools, weapons, artwork, clothing, and other items from ancient civilizations,  |
| Balboa | conquistador from Spain who discovered the Pacific Ocean,  |
| specialization | you focus on one small task, but you do it really well; quarterback throws the ball or PE teacher focusing physical education,  |
| interchangable parts | two or more things that can replace each other and do the same thing; spare tire in your car would be an example of this,  |
| Treaty of Paris | the official end of the American Revolution,  |
| Battle of Yorktown | General Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown ending the American Revolutionary War,  |
| Articles of Confederation | created a very weak national government with most of the power given to the states; didn't want another King George 3rd; this would eventually be replaced with the Constitution that we now have,  |
| Shot heard round the world | Battle of Lexington and Concord between Redcoats and minutemen; marked the start of the Revolutionary War,  |
| federalism | sharing of power between the national, state, and local government; each part has specific powers that are theirs alone; for instance, state governments control education while national government controls printing money,  |
| vote | primary power of people in a democracy,  |
| checks and balances | separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branch; used to protect any one part of government getting to powerful,  |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | Really happened on Breed's Hill; Hill overlooked Boston Harbor; while redcoats were sleeping militia and dug trenches on hill; famous saying was "don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes",  |
| guerrila warefare | George Washington watched the native americans use this against the redcoats during French and Indian War; He then used it during American Revolution against redcoats; you would hide behind things, fire, then runaway,  |
| Underground Railroad | Groups abolitionists (people against slavery) helped runaway slaves escape to the North,  |
