| A | B |
| Count Cavour | unified northern Italy |
| Papal States | were the last to join Italy |
| nationalism & national pride | pride in one's country |
| Guiseppe Garabaldi | joined southern Italy to northern Italy |
| realpolitik | this justifies all means to acheive and hold power |
| democracy | form of government in which people are in control |
| Otto von Bismarck | led Prussia in the unification of Germany through war |
| Franco-Prussian War | final event that created the German state |
| economic competition | the goal is to improve profits |