| A | B |
|---|
| Adolf Hitler | Chancellor and Fuhrer of Germany from 1933-1945. Leader of the Nazi Party. Condemned Jews to concentration camps/death camps. Committed suicide in 1945. |
| Benito Mussolini | Fascist prime minister of Italy who came to power in 1922. Ally of Adolf Hitler during WWII. |
| Douglas MacArthur | An American 5-star general. Played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during WWII. |
| Dwight Eisenhower | U.S. Army General who was the Allied commander in Europe. Best known for planning Operation Overlord. Eventually elected as president in 1953. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd U.S. President. Led the country through the Great Depression and WWII until his death in 1945. Played a decisive role in the Allied alliance with Churchill and Stalin. Died of a stroke. |
| Harry S. Truman | 33rd U.S. President. Succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt. Led the country the last few months of WWII. Best known for making the decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in 1945: the decision that ended the war. |
| Joseph Stalin | General secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Allied with Churchill and Roosevelt during WWII. Inspired the Russian people to resist Germany and the Nazi party. |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1940-1945. Allied with Roosevelt and Stalin during WWII. Led the British resistance of the Nazi Party throughout WWII. |
| Allied Powers | An alliance during WWII made up of the countries that opposed Nazi Germany. Britain, France, The United States, and the Soviet Union were the most notable members. Many other countries also joined. |
| Axis Powers | An alliance during WWII made up of Germany, Italy, and Japan. Together, they were against the Allied Powers. |
| Appeasement | British and French policy of giving in to Adolf Hitler's territorial demands prior to the outbreak of WWII. This policy enabled Hitler to take over the territories of several countries neighboring Germany. |
| Battle of the Bulge | This battle lasted a month. Germans drove tanks into Allied territory and murdered 140 U.S. soldiers. Allies retaliated by killing 120,000 troops and destroying over 2,000 German tanks and planes. The Germans were forced to retreat. This was an Allied victory. |
| Battle of Guadalcanal | The first Allied offensive in the war in the Pacific. This was the first time the Allies defeated the Japanese on land. |
| Battle of Iwo Jima | Americans wanted to use this island as a base for bombers to reach Japan. Of 20,700 Japanese defending the island, only 200 survived. 6,000 U.S. marines died taking this island. |
| Battle of Midway | American code breakers found out the Japanese were targeting this island. American scout planes found Japanese fleets exposed. Turning point in the war in the Pacific- 250 Japanese planes and 4 aircraft carriers were destroyed. |
| Battle of Okinawa | This is the island closest to Japan. 3 month long battle. The Allies killed over 110,000 Japanese soldiers. Taking this island opened up the way for an invasion of Japan. |
| D-Day | June 6, 1944. Eisenhower wants to attack Normandy Beach in France. Also called "Operation Overlord." Largest air-land-sea operation in military history. Thousands of U.S. troops landed on Normandy Beach. |
| Doolittle's Raid | Lt. Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bombers in a Pearl Harbor style raid over Tokyo and other Japanese cities. Lifted American spirits-Hurt Japanese spirits. |
| Fascism | A system of government commanded by a single dictator. Benito Mussolini was a dictator of this kind during WWII. |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Two cities that were the target of two atomic bombs in August of 1945. The bombing of these two cities prompted Japan's surrender from WWII. These two cities were leveled and completely destroyed. Hundreds of thousands were killed. |
| Kamikaze | A Japanese defensive attack method during WWII. Suicide bombers flew planes into Allied military machinery such as planes, aircraft carriers, and ships. This was not successful |
| Lend-Lease | Pre-war involvement by Franklin D. Roosevelt and the United States to aid Allied forces in Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union. The United States supplied resources to Allied forces in Europe, which created conflict between the United States and Germany prior to WWII. |
| Manhattan Project | The code name for the U.S. government's secret program to develop the atomic bomb. |
| Operation Overlord | Eisenhower wants to attack Normandy in France. A "Phantom Army" is established near Calais, France to distract the Germans. The Allies intentionally gave false information over radio transmission for the Germans to hear. This was a distraction technique to invade Normandy Beach. Also known as "D-Day."Allied invasion of Europe |
| Unconditional Surrender | A surrender in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party. The Axis Powers were subject to this at the end of WWII. |
| VE-Day | May 8, 1945. The day on which the Allied forces declared victory in Europe. Occurred shortly after the German surrender on April 25, 1945. |
| VJ-Day | August 15, 1945. The day on which the Allied forces declared victory over Japan. Occurred shortly after the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. |
| Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941. The United States is the victim of an "unprovoked" surprise attack by Japanese air bombers at this Hawaiian military base. Prompted United States entrance into WWII. US knew Japan was planning an attack, they knew Pearl Harbor was vulnerable, luckily the navy had moved part of its fleet to California. |
| August 6, 1945 | Dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima |
| August 9, 1945 | Dropping of the atomic bomb on Nagasaki |
| 1939-1945 | Dates of World War II |
| Operation Husky | Allied invasion of Sicily and Italian |
| What was known as the soft underbelly of Europe | Italy |
| George Patton | General who controlled the Allied forces in Europe |
| Penicillin | Medicine given to soldiers |
| Operation Fortitude | Allied strategy of faking where we were going to attack to take attention away from D-Day |
| Operation Paperclip | The defecting of two German scientist that were working on the atomic bombs |
| Executive Order 9066 | Creation of the Japanese internment camps in Hawaii and the West Coast |
| George Marshall | Secretary of State that will help rebuild Europe |
| What was an agreement, made between Churchill and Roosevelt, where Roosevelt promised to do "everything in his power to force an incident" that would make Congress declare war against Germany? | Atlantic Charter |
| This alliance was created during WWII, and was composed of countries opposing (against) the Allied powers. | Germany, Italy, Japan |
| Which event is generally considered to be the first aggressive act of World War II? | Invasion of Poland |
| The Battle of Midway was NOT considered | First Allied offensive action in the Pacific |
| The Battle of Coral Sea was a unique naval battle in that | It was fought entirely with aircraft carrier-based planes over the Coral Sea |
| What was the code name for the Allied invasion of North Africa? | Operation Torch |
| Which Allied country's forces arrived in Berlin first? | Soviet Union |
| In the last six months of the war, what was the United States' strategy for winning the conflict with Japan? | Break the Japanese will to continue fighting with massive bombing raids on Japanese cities |
| Battle of Stalingrad | Cold winter delayed a German invasion of Russia. After this battle, 1 million German troops were captured by the Soviets. |
| Which country was the United States' closest ally during the war in the Pacific? | Austrialia |
| A surrender in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party | Unconditional Surrender |
| how did Adolf Hitler die? | Suicide |
| Which of the following best describes the Battle of the Atlantic? | Hitler ordered submarine raids along America's east coast in order to prevent the U.S. from sending resources to the Allies |
| This man is best known for his decision to use the two atomic bombs against Japan to end WWII in 1945. | Harry Truman |
