| A | B |
|---|
| Belief and feeling that predisposes someone to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. | attitude |
| Adjusting behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. | conformity |
| Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others. | Social facilitation |
| Social psychologist who researched obedience to authority. | Stanley Milgram |
| Social psychologist who researched the circumstances under which people conform. | Solomon Asch |
| Enhancement of a group’s already-existing attitudes through discussion within the group. | Group polarization |
| Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. | deindividuation |
| Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of the alternatives. | groupthink |
| Scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. | Social psychology |
| Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. | Social loafing |
| Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. | Foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
| Tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal dispositions rather than to situations. | Fundamental attribution error |
| Tendency to comply with orders, implied o real, from someone perceived as an authority. | Obedience |
| Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. | Cognitive dissonance |
| Theory that we tend to explain the behavior of others as an aspect of either an internal disposition (an inner trait) or the situation. | Attribution theory |
| When we believe something to be true about others (or ourselves) and we act in ways that cause this belief to come true. | Self-fulfilling prophecy |
| “them”- those perceived as different or apart from “us”. | outgroup |
| “us”- people with whom we share a common identity. | ingroup |
| condition in which people contribute to and receive from a relationship at a similar rate. | equity |
| Generalized (sometimes accurate but often generalized) belief about a group of people. | stereotype |
| Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. | Passionate love |
| Unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. | prejudice |
| Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. | aggression |
| In social relations, taking action against a group of people because of stereotyped beliefs and feelings of prejudice. | discrimination |
| Psychologist who studied the effect of shared goals on cooperation. | Muzafer Sherif |
| Psychologist who researched the circumstances that determine when a bystander will intervene on behalf of another person. | Bibb Latane |
| Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. | Self-disclosure |
| Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. | Superordinate goals |
| Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. | Companionate love |
| Phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. | Mere exposure effect |
| Tendency for a person to be less likely to give aid if other people are present. | Bystander effect |
| Tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get. | just-world phenomenon |
| Tendency to favor our own group. | Ingroup bias |
| Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. | Scapegoat theory |
| Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. | altruism |
| People’s perception of the source of influence over their fate or what happens in their life. | Locus of control |
| System of subtle and obvious rules (shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors) established to ensure a group’s survival and passed from one generation to the next. The “software of our minds.” | culture |
| Cultural style that places group goals or needs ahead of personal goals. | collectivism |
| Cultural style that places personal goals or needs ahead of group goals or needs. | individualism |
| Principles that are true only for people of a certain culture. | Culture specific |
| Psychologist and internationally known expert on the study of cross-cultural psychology. | David Matsumoto |
| Research that tests hypotheses on many groups of people to understand whether principles apply across cultures. | Cross cultural research |
| Tendency to view the world through your own cultural filters. | ethnocentrism |
