| A | B |
|---|
| Code of Hammurabi | The collection of laws that a Babylonian king wrote for his people to follow. |
| Hieroglyphics | A writing system in which pictures or symbols stand for ideas, objects, or sounds. |
| Cuneiform | A writing system developed by the Sumerians based on wedge shaped symbols. |
| Mesopotamia | An ancient land in southwest Asia located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. |
| Papyrus | A paperlike material used by Egyptians for writing; made from reeds that grew in the Nile River. |
| Mummification | The process of preserving dead bodies by removing all the organs (except the heart), rubbing the body with special oils and wrapping it in linen. |
| Book of the Dead | An ancient collection of prayers that were to help a person in the afterlife. |
| Hinduism | A religion native to India, featuring a belief in many gods and reincarnation. |
| Confucianism | The ideas of the Chinese philosopher which became a guide for the way people live. |
| Zoroastrianism | T religion started by Zarathustra that teaches the belief in two gods—one good and one evil. |
| Caste system | The practice of grouping people into different categories. |
| Harappa | An ancient center of Indian civilization in the Indus River Valley in what is present day Pakistan. |
| Minoans | People who built Knosos and other cities on Crete. Seafaring traders. |
| Mycenaeans | Inhabitants of the city near the coast of the mountainous Peloponnesus. They borrowed much from neighboring civilizations. They measured wealth in the number of weapons one owned. |
| Punic Wars | The three wars Rome fought with Carthage between 264 and 146 B.C.E. |
| Justinian Code of Laws | A set of laws written by a Byzantine emperor; used for hundreds of years. |
| Islam | The religion of Muslims based on belief in one God, Allah. |
| Qu'ran (Koran) | The holy book of the Muslims. |
| Crusades | The Christian attempt to free the Holy Land from the control of Muslim Turks in the Middle Ages. |
| The Great Wall | Built by Shi Huangdi to protect his empire from outsiders. |
| The Silk Road | A trade route that stretched 5,000 miles from China to the Mediterranean Sea. |
| Mansa Musa | The emperor of Mali who is remembered for his pilgrimage to Mecca. During his rule Mali became known as a wealthy state and a center of learning. |
| Gutenberg | A German who brought the idea of movable type to Europe. He printed Europe’s first book—a 1,200 page Bible. |
| Martin Luther | A German religious reformer whose ideas led to the Protestant Reformation. |
| Renaissance | The time from about 1400 to 1600 in which Europeans entered an age of thought, learning, art and science. Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth.” |
| Julius Caesar | A roman general and statesman. Dictator of Rome until he was murdered by a group of nobles. |
| Israelites | The descendants of Jacob, a son of Isaac, a son of Abraham. |
| Phoenicians | A seafaring people who lived in a loose union of city-states, each governed by a king. |
