| A | B |
|---|
| civil liberties | individual legal and constitutional protections against the government |
| Americans civil liberties are set in the... | Bill of Rights |
| First Amendment | The source of Americans' freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly |
| Court case: Barron v. Baltimore | determined that the Bill of Rights restrained only the National governement |
| Court case: Gitlow v. New York | used the 14th amendment to rule that a state government must respect some First amendment rights |
| Incorporation doctrine | a legal concept under which the supreme court has made most of the provisions of the bill of rights applicable tot he states through the 14th amendment |
| establishment clause | dictates that "congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion." |
| Court cases for the establishment clause | lemon v. kurtzman, zelman v. simmons-harris, engel v. vitale, and school district of abligton township, pennslyvania v. schempp |
| free exercise clause | prohibits citizens' freedom to worship or not worship as they please |
| prior restraint | government actions that prevent material from being published or censored has been consistently struck down by the supreme court |
| free speech and public order | the right to protect has been protected to a varying degree. |
| Free press and fair trial | 1. Press coverage may interfere with a fair trial 2. Reporters don't always like to open their files to the courts. |
| What would shield laws do? | protect reporters from revealing their sources |
| Which court case deals with the shield laws? | zurcher v. stanford daily |
| Libel and slander | The supreme court has ruled that the statements made about public figures are libelous only if they are made with malice (mean) remarks and have disregard for truth. |
| Which court case is related to libel and slander? | new york times v. sullivan |
| symbolic speech | an action that doesn't consist of speaking or writing but that expresses an opinion |
| Which court case is related to symbolic speech | texas vs. johnson |
| commercial speech | Speech made in the media (advertisement) Also, it's restricted far more than any other expressions of opinion. |
| Regulation of public airwaves (TV, radio) | The Federal Communications Commission regulates the content, nature, and very existence of radio and television broadcasting. |
| Right to assemble | Right to gather information together to make a statement or case |
| Right to associate | The right to associate with people who share a common interest, including an interest in political change and not tell anyone who you are associating (hanging out) with. |
| Right to bear arms | The right to possess a firearm (gun) |
| Search and seizure | before making an arrest police needs probable cause (evidence) to believe that someone is guilty of a crime |
| Unreasonable searches and seizures | The fourth amendment states that: You must have a reason to search someone's stuff |
| Search warrant | Search warrant: The right to search someone's stuff. The constitution requires that a person have evidence to search someone's stuff |
| Exclusionary rule | This rule prevents someone from using evidence in court against a criminal on the basis of an illegal search of their belongings. |
| Self-incrimination | The fifth amendment forbids self-incrimination. |
| Court case: Miranda v. Arizona | Sets guidelines for police questioning a person in jail |
| The right to counsel | The right for a person to have a lawyer |
| Court case: Gideon v. Wainwright | A person who can't afford a lawyer will be given one. |
| Plea bargain | Most cases are settled through plea bargaining, which is a compromise.. |
| Eighth Amendment | This amendment forbids cruel and unusual punishment |
| What does the eighth amendment usually surround? | Death penalty |
| Roe vs. wade | Defined the conditions under which abortions are allowed |
