| A | B |
|---|
| adsorption | the process that occurs when one substance adheres to the surface of another substance. |
| volume | the space an object occupies |
| atomic mass | a mass of an element that is equal to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom of the element |
| atomic number | the number of protons an element has in its nucleus |
| carcinogen | a chemical that causes cancer |
| chemical | a substance used in or formed by a chemical process; a substance that has a definite composition |
| chemical bond | forces that hold atoms together |
| chemical change | an action that changes the identity of a substance |
| chemical formula | the method of using chemical symbols and subscripts to identify the number of atoms of each element in a molecule or a compound |
| chemical property | a characteristic that describes how the matter will change under certain conditions |
| chemical reaction | a process by which new substances are formed |
| compound | a type of matter that forms when two or more elements combine chemically |
| concentration | the amount of a substance in a given volume |
| conductor | a material or substance that allows electrons to flow through it easily |
| covalent bond | a bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| density | a measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume |
| ductile | able to be streched or drawn into wires without breaking |
| electron | a particle that has a negative charge and orbits the nucleus of an atom |
| electron cloud | the region surrounding the nucleus of an atom where the electrons are located |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of an element; basic building block of matter |
| fertilizers | chemicals that promote plant growth |
| group | the vertical column of elements on the periodic table; contains elements having similar chemical properties |
| inert | unable to react chemically |
| insulator | material that does not allow electricity or heat to flow through it easily |
| ionic bonds | bonds formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms |
| law of conservation of matter | a scientific law that states that during a chemical reaction, matter cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed into a different form |
| magnetism | the force of attraction or repulsion that exists between like or unlike poles |
| malleable | able to be hammered and shaped or rolled into thin sheets |
| matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| melting point | the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid |
| metal | a substance that conducts heat and electricity |
| metalloid | an element that has some properties of a metal and some properties of a nonmetal |
| mixture | the type of matter that forms when two or more substances are combined but do not join together chemically |
| molecule | the smallest unit of a compound that has all the properties of the compound |
| neutron | a particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| nonmetal | an element that does not conduct electricity or heat and is usually a gas at room temperature |
| nucleus | the central part of an atom |
| oxidation | a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen |
| period | the horizontal row of elements on the periodic table |
| periodic table | a chart that organizes information about all of the known elements according to their properties |
| pesticides | chemicals designed to kill organisms that are considered pests |
| physical change | a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance |
| physical property | a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance |
| potency | strength or how powerful a chemical is |
| precipitate | a solid that forms from a chemical reaction that takes place in a solution |
| product | a substance formed during a chemical reaction |
| property | any characteristic that can be used to identify and describe matter |
| proton | a particle with a positive charge found in the nucleus of an atom |
| reactant | a substance that takes part in a chemical reaction |
| reactivity | how likely an element is to form bonds with other elements |
| semiconductor | material that has conductive properties that lie between those of conductors and insulators |
| solubility | the measure of how much of a substance dissolves in a given amount of another substance |
| solution | a substance in which another substance dissolves |
| specific heat | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 degree C |
| synthetic chemical | a chemical that is not formed in nature and is made by people |
| synthetic elements | elements that are made by scientists in a laboratory and do not exist in nature |
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; the number and arrangement determines how atoms combine with other to form compounds |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means |
