| A | B |
|---|
| political machines | a powerful organization that influenced city and county politics in the late 1800s |
| Progressives | a group of reformers who worked to improve social and political problems in the late 1800s |
| muckrakers | a term coined for journalists who "raked up" and exposed corruption and problems of society |
| Seventeenth Amendment | a constitutional amendment allowing voters to directly elect U.S. senators |
| recall | a vote to remove an official from office |
| initiative | a method of allowing voters to propose a new law if enough signatures are collected on a petition |
| referendum | a procedure that allows voters to approve or reject a law already proposed or passed by government |
| Robert M. LaFollette | Progressive American politician, he was active in local Wisconsin issues and challenged party bosses. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | a factory fire that killed 146 workers trapped in the building; led to new safety standard laws |
| workers' compensation laws | guaranteed a portion of lost wages to workers injured on the job |
| capitalism | an economic system in which private businesses run most industries |
| socialism | economic system in wich the government owns and operates a country's means of production |
| William "Big Bill" Haywood | one of the leaders of the International Workers of hte World, a Socialist labor union active in the early 1900s |
| Industrial Workers of the World | a union founded in 1905 by socialists and union leaders that included workers not welcomed by the AFL |
| Eighteenth Amendment | a constitutional amendment that outlawed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States; repealed in 1933 |
| National American Woman Suffrage Association | an organization founded by Elizabeth Cady Stnton and Susan B. Anthony in 1890 to obtain women's right to vote |
| Alice Paul | American social reformer, suffragist, and activist, she was the founder of the organization tha tbecame the National Woman's Party (NWP) that worked to obtain women's suffrage |
| Nineteenth Amendment | a constitutional amendment that gave women the vote |
| Booker T. Washington | African American educator and civil rights leader, he was born into slavery and later became head of the Tuskegee Institute for career training for African Americans. He was an advocate for conservative social change |
| Ida. B. Wells | African American journalist and anti-lynching activist, she was part owner and editor of the Memphis Free Speech |
| W. E. B. Du Bois | African American educator, editor, and writer, he led the Niagara Movement, calling for economic and educational equality for African Americans. He helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | an organization founded in t1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois and othe rreformers to bring attention to racial inequality |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Twenty-sixth president of the United States after William McKinley was assassinated, he organized the first volunteer cavalry regiment known as the Rough Riders who fought in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. As President he acquired the Panama Canal Zone, and announced the Roosevelt Corollary, making the United States the defender of the Western Hemisphere |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | a law that set regulatory standards for industries involved in preparing food |
| conservation | the planned management of natural resources to prevent their destruction |
| William Howard Taft | twenty-seventh president of the United States, he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Pyane-Aldrich Tariff, which did not lower tariffs very much. He lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term |
| Progressive Party | a short-lived political party that attempted to institute social reforms |
| Woodrow Wilson | twenty-eighth president of the United States, his reform legislation was given the name New Freedom, and it included three constitutional amendments: direct election of senators, prohibition, and women's suffrage. He created the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Trade Comission, and he enacted child labor laws |
| Sixteenth Amendment | an amendment to th eConstitution that allows personal income to be taxed |
