| A | B |
|---|
| An instrument used to make astronomical measurements & was used for navigation... | astrolabe |
| What were the European religious conflicts which helped encourage exploration? | Crusades |
| The French protestants who emigrated to the New World were the? | Huguenots |
| What were the French missionaries called who came to the New World? | Jesuits |
| What were the Spanish missionaries called who came to the New World? | Franciscans |
| The Puritans were influenced by whom? | John Calvin & his ideas of Predestination |
| Who opposed the Church of England & fled to Holland & from there to America? | Separatists |
| The 1st permanent English settlement was? | Jamestown in 1607 |
| Which group of Indians assisted the newly arrived colonists? | Powhatan Confederacy |
| A person who came to the New World to work in exchange for having their passage paid.... | Indentured servants |
| What was the usual required service time for an indentured servant? | 5 to 7 years |
| What was the 1st representative govt. in the British colonies? | House of Burgesses |
| Why was colonization in New England different than in some of the other areas? | many religious dissenters settled there |
| What document did the Pilgrims of Plymouth Rock write? | Mayflower Compact |
| Who was elected governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony of the Puritans? | 1629- John Winthrop |
| What were some of the differences between the VA & MA Bay Colonies? | - the slave labor of VA never existed in MA. - VA was settled mostly by single men - In MA, religion & political participation went hand-in-hand |
| What was a necessity for political participation in VA? | land ownership |
| What colony was settled in 1632 for English Catholics? | Maryland |
| Who was responsible for settling the Maryland colony? | George Calvert |
| Settlement in NC was similar to VA, but SC used..... | slave labor, indentured servants, & Indians to work the plantations |
| What were some of the effects of Eng. Fr., & British settlement? | diseases, agricultural products changed the ecosystem, population patterns were changed in Africa & America, intro. of representative govt. & freedom of religion |
| What were some examples of mercantilist tactics of the day? | possession of colonies, tariffs, & monopolies |
| What were the Navigation Acts of 1660 for? | stated that certain products from the colonies like sugar, tobacco, & indigo could only be shipped to Eng. |
| Who led an uprising that took control of and burned Jamestown? | Bacon's Rebellion |
| What was a complex trading system that dev. in this era between Europe, Africa, & the colonies? | Triangular trade system |
| The shipping of slaves from Africa directly to America was known as the? | Middle Passage |
| What was the most famous slave revolt, which was near Charleston, SC? | the Stono Revellion |
| When William & Mary of Eng. tried to assume firmer control of Massachusetts as a royal colony..... | the Glorious Revolution |
| In 1692, what demonstrated the social clashes in the colony between the older farm communities & the newer "secular" class? | Salem Witch Trials |
| Between 1720-1740s a religious revival swept through the colonies called the..... | First Great Awakening |
| Who was the most influential preacher of the Great Awakening? | Jonathon Edwards |
| What did Jonathon Edwards write? | Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
| War between the Fr. & Brit. that resulted in a Brit. victory? | French & Indian War |
| During the Fr. & Indian War, who made up the opposing sides? | Indians helped the Fr. & the Colonists helped the Brit. |
| What treaty ended the French & Indian War? | Treaty of Paris |
| After the Fr. & Indian War, how were relations between the Brit. & colonists? | tense: colonists resented the Eng. attitude & quartering of troops, & harsh punishments... the Brit. felt the colonists hadn't done enough |
| Eng., under Prime Minister George Grenville, decided Brit. had too much debt after the Fr. & Indian War so they wanted.... | colonists to pay more taxes.... Currency Act (made it illegal to print $ in the colonies) & the Sugar Act (tax on molasses) |
| One of the protest groups that formed in the colonies was the? | Sons of Liberty in Boston.... Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Ben Franklin |
| Who said that "Taxation w/out representation is tyranny?" | Samuel Adams |
| A March 5, 1770 confrontation between Brit. soldiers & the colonists.....5 people were killed | Boston Massacre |
| Samuel Adams formed groups designed to share info on British activities...these groups were called? | Committee of Correspondence |
| What occurred in response to the passage of the Tea Act? | The Boston Tea Party |
| As a result of the Intolerable Acts, delegates from every colony except GA met at the...... | Continental Congress in PA |
| What was the dominant economic philosophy of the period? | Mercantilism |
| What were some examples of mercantilist tactics of the day? | possession of colonies, tariffs, & monopolies |
| When William & Mary of Eng. tried to assume firmer control of Massachusetts as a royal colony..... | the Glorious Revolution |
| In 1692, what demonstrated the social clashes in the colony between the older farm communities & the newer "secular" class? | Salem Witch Trials |
| Some of the British colonies were where residents controlled property-electing assemblies? | proprietorships |
| During the reigns of George I & II the British were more concerned with defending their own territory.....this was called.... | Salutary Neglect |
| When a strict control of political affairs in the colonies was not a priority....... | Salutary Neglect |
| Between 1720-1740s a religious revival swept through the colonies called the..... | First Great Awakening |
| Who was the most influential preacher of the Great Awakening? | Jonathon Edwards |
| What did Jonathon Edwards write? | Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God |
| The Great Awakening also reinforced the idea that..... | questioning political authority was acceptable |
| War between the Fr. & Brit. that resulted in a Brit. victory? | French & Indian War |
| During the Fr. & Indian War, who made up the opposing sides? | Indians helped the Fr. & the Colonists helped the Brit. |
| What treaty ended the French & Indian War? | Treaty of Paris |
| After the Fr. & Indian War, how were relations between the Brit. & colonists? | tense: colonists resented the Eng. attitude & quartering of troops, & harsh punishments... the Brit. felt the colonists hadn't done enough |
| Eng., under Prime Minister George Grenville, decided Brit. had too much debt after the Fr. & Indian War so they wanted.... | colonists to pay more taxes.... Currency Act (made it illegal to print $ in the colonies) & the Sugar Act (tax on molasses) |
| What was the 1st direct tax on the colonies? | Stamp Act, which required a stamp on all printed material purchased in the colonies |
| One of the protest groups that formed in the colonies was the? | Sons of Liberty in Boston.... Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Ben Franklin |
| Who said that "Taxation w/out representation is tyranny?" | Samuel Adams |
| Adams passed around his opinions of tyranny in a letter called..... | the Circular Letter |
| A March 5, 1770 confrontation between Brit. soldiers & the colonists.....5 people were killed | Boston Massacre |
| Samuel Adams formed groups designed to share info on British activities...these groups were called? | Committee of Correspondence |
| What occurred in response to the passage of the Tea Act? | The Boston Tea Party |
| Immediately after the Boston Tea Party, the British passed the........ which closed Boston Harbor...... | Intolerable Acts |
| The Intolerable Acts included the....... | Quartering Act |
| As a result of the Intolerable Acts, delegates from every colony except GA met at the...... | Continental Congress in PA |
| A compromise was worked out at the Continental Congress called the...... | Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which said they would refuse any attempt to tax them |
| What was the first encounter between the colonists & the British? | Lexington...British saved by reinforcements |
| In April 1775, Brit. troops went to Lexington to seize colonial arms, who helped warn the citizens of Boston about the Brit. advance? | Paul Revere |
| After the encounter at Lexington, the British once again met the colonists at..... | Concord, where the Brit. lost 275 men |
| What met & authorized the printing of $, created a Continental Army, & est. Washington as the leader? | Second Continental Congress |
| An attempt by Congress to ask the King for peace..... | the Olive Branch Petition |
| A supporter of the War was.... | Thomas Paine with his pamphlet "Common Sense" |
| Who wanted to break with the Crown and est. their independence? | Patriots |
| Who wanted to remain loyal to the king? | Loyalists |
| When did the 2nd Continental Congress propose that the American colonies seek their independence? | July 1776 & it was announced on 7-4-1776 |
| Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson.... maintaining that men had certain "unalienable rights" |
| What were some of the advantages of the British? | strong navy, support from the Loyalists, & the Continental Army suffered from poor discipline, frequent desertions, no supplies & $, and no navy |
| What were some of the advantages for the Colonial Army? | 2 mo. supply line for the Brit., guerrilla warfare, Washington's leadership, use of defensive tactics, & fighting on home territory |
| What was the June 1775 battle near Boston where the colonists were defeated, but showed they could possibly beat the British? | Battle of Bunker Hill |
| On Xmas night 1776, Washington led what battle? | Battle of Trenton, NJ against Hessian soldiers |
| Who were the mercenary soldiers employed by the British? | Hessians (German troops) |
| On Jan. 3, 1777 Washington defeated a British regiment at.... | Princeton, NJ....improving morale of the Colonial Army |
| In late 1776, who began supplying the Colonials against the British? | French |
| What battle in October 1777 was a turning point in the war because it convinced the Fr. to send troops? | Battle of Saratoga |
| What were some of the ways women helped in the war effort? | boycotts, support services for the Army, spied on British troops, ran the households |
| In March 1776, Abigail Adams reminded her husband to.... | "Remember the Ladies & not put unlimited power in the hands of the husbands" |
| The low point for the Continental Army was the winter of 1777-1778 at..... | Valley Forge, PA |
| In 1781, the British moved into VA, where they thought would be a good position at..... | Yorktown......but they were cut-off & couldn't escape |
| On Oct. 17, 1781, who surrendered to the Continental Army? | Cornwallis |
| What treaty ended the Revolutionary War? | Treaty of Paris |
| By the end of 1777. most states had adopted...... | bicameral legislatures....w/more power going to the upper house |
| The new govt. did print large amounts of these....... which were soon worthless because of inflation. | Continentals |
| What was the largest & most imp. battle of the War of 1812? | Battle of New Orleans |
| What regulated the sale of lands in the NW Territory & est. a plan to give these territories statehood? | the Northwest Ordinances |
| Local govts. were in dire need of $... in 1786 MA raised taxes & farmers began an armed protest.... | this was Shay's Rebellion |
| Shay's Rebellion was important because it showed.... | that stronger state & natl. govts. were needed to maintain order.... |
| What provided for a bicameral legislature w/each house determined by proportional representation? | the Virginia Plan |
| What plan proposed a unicameral legislature where every state would receive one vote? | New Jersey Plan (supported by smaller states) |
| What plan was finally decided upon that provided an upper house (Senate) w/2 reps, & the House w/ proportional representation? | the Great Compromise |
| The debate over how slaves should be counted was resolved by the....... | Three-Fifths Compromise |
| Supporters of the new Constitution were called? | Federalists |
| Those opposed to the new govt. were called..... | anti-Federalists....they also believed there needed to be a Bill of Rts. to protect people |
| The 1st 10 Amendments to the Constitution are the? | Bill of Rights |
| Followers of Hamilton were called? | Federalists |
| Followers of Jefferson were called? | Republicans (anti-federalists) |
| Jefferson favored a ..... | strict interpretation of the Const... emphasizing states' rights |
| Jefferson wanted the govt. to use what approach to the economy? | laissez faire capitalism & free trade |
| In Hamilton's "Report on the Public Credit," he proposed the govt.... | take over all debts & create a national bank |
| In 1789, the French Revolution began and Washington declared our position as.....a | Declaration of Neutrality |
| In 1794, Hamilton placed a tax on whiskey, which was important because..... | led to the Whiskey Rebellion & it's important because it showed the new govt could enforce its laws |
| In 1794, we signed a treaty with the British, which was meant to ease tensions. It was called...... | Jay's Treaty |
| The US also signed a treaty with Spain, giving us control of Mississippi River trade...this was called.... | Pinckney's Treaty |
| As Washington left office, he gave his..... | Farewell Address |
| What was included in Washington's Farewell Address? | no political parties and the importance of US neutrality in world affairs |
| After we signed Jay's and Pinckney's Treaties, we had a diplomatic confrontation with the French called...... | the XYZ Affair |
| What put the XYZ Affair to rest and settled the undeclared naval war with France? | the Convention of 1800 |
| During the XYZ Affair, the US passed an act that gave the President the right to deport any immigrant who was "dangerous"..... this was the... | Alien Act |
| This gave the US the right to jail anyone who might have a malicious intent against the govt..... | Sedition Act |
| State legislatures in VA & KY said the Alien & Sedition Acts were unconst....and that they had a rt. to not enforce laws that were unconst....under the Freedom of Speech clause....this was the | Virginia and Kentucky Resolves |
| Who won the Election of 1800? | Thomas Jefferson |
| The Election of 1800 was at first a tie, and the decision went to the House..... What did they use here which allowed for the voting of the Pres. & vice Pres. to be separate? | 12th Amendment |
| Before Jefferson took office, Congress passed a series of acts to create new federal courts called..... | The Judiciary Act of 1801 |
| Right before Jefferson took office, Adams appointed several "last minute" Federalists to jobs....These last minute appointments were called the... | Midnight Appointments/ Midnight Judges |
| John Marshall's Court dramatically increased the power of the Sup. Crt. in his ruling for Judicial Review..... | Marbury v. Madison |
| Napoleon offered to sell us enough land to dbl. the size of the US. This was the... | Louisiana Purchase |
| Jefferson was worried that buying Louisiana was not legal, as it wasn't mentioned in the Const.....so he used the idea of.... | Implied Powers for justification |
| What was the name of the expedition to explore the Louisiana Purchase? | Lewis and Clark Expedition |
| In the early 1800s, the British began kidnapping US sailors and forcing them into service. This was called.... | impressment |
| In response to impressment, Jefferson passed an act saying we would stop trading with Eng. & Fr. until they stopped harassing us....this was the.. | Embargo Act of 1807 |
| In the War of 1812, supporters of the war were called..... | War Hawks |
| What treaty ended the War of 1812? | Treaty of Ghent |
| What was the largest & most imp. battle of the War of 1812? | Battle of New Orleans |
| The Hartford Convention was the 1st time that....... was ever mentioned? | secession |
| After the War of 1812, the years of 1816-1823 were referred to as the..... | Era of Good Feelings |
| A plan after the War of 1812 to make America less economically dependent on Europe and a way to increase nationalism.... | the American System |
| What was included in the American System? | a national road, a Second National Bank, the Eerie Canal, and the Tariff of 1816 |
| To settle the slavery issue with new states, Henry Clay wrote the... | Missouri Compromise |
| What were the dividing lines of the Missouri Compromise? | 36-30 degrees |
| Who won the Election of 1840? | William Henry Harrison w/his "Log Cabin" campaign |
| What was the idea that it was the mission of the US to spread westward? | Manifest Destiny |
| The overland path that took settlers to the Oregan territory? | Oregon Trail |
| What was the rallying cry for those who wanted Oregon to be under American control? | Fifty-four Forty or Fight |
| What was the rallying cry of those fighting for Texas independence? | "Remeber the Alamo!" |
| The Republic of Texas was called the.... | Lone Star Republic |
| Who was the first Dark Horse candidate for President in 1844? | James K. Polk |
| During the 1844 election, the most imp. issues were: | Manifest Destiny & Abolitionism |
| When California got their independence from Mexico, they were called the: | Bear Flag Republic |
| What was the name of the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War? | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| An 1846 ruling that stated slavery couldn't exist in any territory the US acquired from Mexico? | Wilmot Proviso |
| After the 1858 election, members from the Whig & Democratic parties formed this, whose main purpose was the oppose slavery in the newly acquired western territories? | Free-Soil Party |
| Around 1848-49, thousands went to California to look for gold. These were the: | Fourty-Niners |
| What were the stipulations of the Compromise of 1850? | CA was a free state, NM & UT used popular sovereignty, & the Fugitive Slave Act was passed in the South |
| Who won the Election of 1848? | Franklin Pierce, another Dark Horse candidate |
| Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin? | Harriet Beecher Stowe....one of the major causes of the Civil War |
| Pierce was also instrumental in the act with Mexico that gave us land for a southern transcontinental railroad.... | Gadsden Purchase |
| Another political party that grew during the mid-1800s was the..... | Know-Nothing Party, which focused on anti-immigrant campaigns |
| The dislike of foreigners that grew in response to the many immigrants in the mid-1800s? | Nativism |
| Who was the biggest supporter of Popular Sovereignty? | Stephen Douglas |
| What caused the formation of the Republican Party? | passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (popular sovereignty) |
| Where did pro- & antislavery factions meet and fight? | Bleeding Kansas |
| Who went to the Nebraska Territory to flight slavery? | John Brown |
| What Supreme Crt. ruling said that being in free territory didn't make a slave free? | Dred Scott v. Sanford |
| Stephen Douglas & Abe Lincoln debated the slavery issue on 7 different occasions....These were the: | Lincoln-Douglass Debates |
| Douglas wanted to support Popular Sovereignty in the West. This became the..... | Freeport Doctrine |
| John Brown & his sons tried to take the aresonal at: | Harper's Ferry, VA |
| What state was the 1st to seceed? | SC on Dec. 20., 1860 |
| When the Southern States seceeded they created the: | Confederate States of America |
| Who was president of the Conf. States of Amer.? | Jefferson Davis. |
| Before 1820, most products in America were made using a European system called the..... | putting out system |
| When young women were hired to work in factories was the? | Lowell System |
| The use of power-driven machines and interchangeable parts marked the beginning of the..... | Industrial Revolution |
| An 1823 proclamation stating that countries in the Western Hemis. were now off limits to European control.... | Monroe Doctrine |
| Supreme Crt. ruling that the Indians had a right to the land they possessed..... | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (Worchester v. GA) |
| What was Pres. Jackson's response to the Indians? | passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 |
| What was the result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830? | Trail of Tears |
| What were some ways industry & commercialism altered America? | the National Road, Erie Canal, and the 2nd Grt. Awakening |
| What reaffirmed the role of religion & change in peoples' lives? | the Second Great Awakening |
| Preachers in the 2nd Grt Awakening said our actions on earth did play a role in our fate....these preachers were? | Charles Finney |
| In the 2nd Grt. Awakening, there were.... | revival meetings, women working as volunteers, being dedicated Christians, & Baptists/Methodists grew popular |
| Who campaigned for better treatment of the mentally ill? | Dorothea Dix |
| What was the beginnings of the anti-alcohol movement called? | Temperance Movement |
| Who pushed for education reform & public schools? | Horace Mann |
| This was the beginning of the anti-slavery movement called the...... | Abolitionist Movement |
| Who was the most prominent abolitionist? | William Lloyd Garrison |
| What was the name of Garrison's antislavery newspaper? | The Liberator |
| Who was the abolitionist that was an ex-slave? | Frederick Douglass & his book was called the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass |
| In 1831, what occured as a result of the South enacting the Black Codes to restrict slaves? | Nat Turner's Rebellion |
| The Jacksonian Era (1829-1841) emphasized the era of...... | the "common man" |
| Who was the European reformer that was surprised at how badly America needed reform? | Alex de Tocqueville |
| In 1824, what voting restriction had been eliminated in most states? | property qualifications...but Blacks & women still couldn't vote |
| Who won the Election of 1824? | Adams, but Jackson called it the "Corrupt Bargain" |
| Who won the Election of 1828? | Jackson & his Democratic Party became the 1st real political party in the US |
| What were some of Jackson's attributes? | 1st Pres. from the West, had 1st achieved fame fighting Indians, had a humble beginning, & had been a congressman & senator from Tennessee |
| What did Jackson call his inner circle of political supporters? | "Kitchen Cabinet" |
| What did Jackson use to give his supporters jobs? | Spoils System |
| In terms of government, Jackson favored.... | a nation of independent farmers,& less govt. involvement |
| When a state could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws.... | nullification |
| Which SC senator believed it was imp. to protect his state against the fed. govt.? | John C. Calhoun |
| What did John C. Calhoun write, criticizing the high Tariff of Abominations in 1828? | SC Exposition and Protest |
| What were the debates on states' rights and the nullification issue called? | Webster-Hayne Debates |
| What gave the Pres. the power to invade any state necessary to enforce federal law? | Force Act |
| Who was in charge of the 2nd BUS for so long? | Nicholas Biddle |
| When Jackson took $ from the BUS & placed it in local banks, these banks were called...... | Pet Banks |
| The fight between Jackson & Biddle over the BUS was called the.... | Bank War |
| What was the result of the Bank War? | Panic of 1837 |
| What party was opposed to Jackson? | Whig Party |
| Jackson & the Democrats were mainly supported by the..... | "common man" |
| What was the Northern Army called? | the Union |
| What was the Southern Army called? | the Confederacy |
| What were the terms of the Crittenden Plan? | the govt. would protect slavery in any state it existed & the Missouri Compromise line would go all the way to the Pacific |
| What was Lincoln's initial goal in the Civil War? | to preserve the Union |
| What was the 1st confrontation of the Civil War? | Fort Sumter |
| What was the decision of European powers in regards to Southern support? | neutrality |
| What was the capital of the Confederacy? | Richmond |
| What was the 1st official Battle of the Civil War? | the 1st Battle of Bull Run |
| What was the North's plan of battle called? | the Anaconda Plan |
| What were the components of the Anaconda Plan? | 1. capture & control of the Mississippi River 2. take Richmond 3. naval blockades |
| At what battle was George McClellan named commander of Union Forces? | 2nd Battle of Bull Run |
| Who was the winning general in Tennessee at the Battle of Shiloh? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| The ironclad ships included....... | Merrimack (South), & the Monitor (Union) |
| In 1862, the Confederacy began the draft, also called..... | conscription |
| Because the government ran short of money, what did the government issue in 1862? | Greenbacks |
| What happened to the power of the presidency during the Civil War? | it was extended |
| President Lincoln had to crack down on crime and disorder by placing some local governments under...... | martial law, which is rule by the military |
| Northern Democrats who opposed the war were called? | Copperheads |
| To calm riots, Lincoln had 14k war opposers jailed and he..... | suspended their writ of habeas corpus |
| What ordered that slaves in the rebelious states were free? | Emancipation Proclamation |
| What was the result of the Emancipation Proclamation? | any hope for peace vanished |
| What was the turning point of the Civil War? | Battle of Gettysburg |
| After Gettysburg, the Union began winning a series of battles under who? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| On July 4, 1863, Grant won this battle, effectively dividing the Confederacy in half...... | Battle of Vicksburg |
| In November 1863, Lincoln issued a speech saying that freedom should exist for all men. What was this speech? | Gettysburg Address |
| In January 1864, Grant headed toward Richmond. Who else was a leading general? | William T. Sherman |
| What was the name of Sherman's campaign that ultimately burned Atlanta & then headed North? | March to the Sea |
| Where did Lee & the Confederate Army surrender? | Battle of Appomattox Courthouse, VA |
| Who assassinated Abe Lincoln? | John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater |
| After Lincoln was assassinated, who became President? | Andrew Johnson |
| What was the readmitting and rebuilding of Southern states after the Civil War? | Reconstruction |
| A major concern during Reconstruction was how..... | the former states of the Confederacy would be assimilated back into the Union |
| What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? | the Ten Percent Plan |
| Who were the Congressmen that wanted to punish the South? | Radical Republicans |
| Who led the Radical Republicans group? | Thaddeus Stevens |
| The Radicals believed who should be in charge of Reconstruction? | Congress |
| What act did the Radical Republicans want to pass? | Wade-Davis Act |
| How did Lincoln handle the Wade-Davis Bill? | with a pocket-veto (he refused to sign it) |
| Why was Congress upset with new President, Andrew Johnson? | his views on Reconstruction were also lenient on the South |
| The former slaves were known as the? | Freedmen |
| What was designed to help ex-slaves get jobs, education, & general assistance? | Freedmen's Bureau |
| This was just being a step-up from sharecropping....they rented their land from the old landowner.... | Tenant farmer |
| For awhile, with programs est. by the Freedmen's Bureau, ex-slaves could receive.... | "40 Acres and a mule" |
| Which Amendment outlawed slavery? | 13th Amendment |
| What declared that citizenship would be the same in all states? | 14th Amendment |
| To make sure their radical friends & allies couldn't be fired, what did Congress pass that said the Pres. couldn't dismiss any Cabinet member w/out the approval of the Senate? | Tenure of Office Act |
| What stated that no American could be denied the right to vote? | 15th Amendment |
| Who were the Northerners that moved to the South during Reconstruction? | Carpetbaggers |
| What was the Southern term for a white Southern Republican? | Scalawag |
| One of the post-war protest groups was the? | Ku Klux Klan |
| What event officially ended Reconstruction? | the Compromise of 1877 |
| What did Rutherford B. Hayes promise with the Comp. of 1877? | - remove all Federal troops from the South & to stop the enforcement of much of the laws concerning the South |
| After the Civil War & Reconstruction, the South solidly became..... | Democratic |
| Whites who returned to power in state legislatures in the South in 1878 were called what? | the Redeemers |
| What gave 160 acres of land to anyone who could farm it for 5 years? | Homestead Act |
| Where states had land they could use to est. colleges & universities? | Morrill Land-Grant Act |
| When some people bought a lot of land with the intention of selling it off for a profit? | land speculators |
| What was the name of the two RR's crisscrossing the country? | Union & Central Pacific |
| The early homes on the plains were called.... | soddy |
| Large farms that sold their produce were called.... | Bonanza farms |
| At this time, the "official" policy on Indian Affairs was to.... | move them further west & to "civilize" them |
| Which Indian tribe resisted the govt. the most? | Sioux |
| Which General was defeated by the Indians? | Gen. George Custer |
| Where was Gen. Custer defeated? | Battle of the Little Bighorn |
| What was the conflict between the soldiers & the Indians in which over 200 Indians were killed? | Battle of Wounded Knee |
| Beside the Sioux, what other Indian tribe actively protested? | Nez Perce |
| What Indian rituals were supposed to terrify the settlers, return the buffalo, & bring their ancestors back to fight? | Ghost Dances |
| Which act was meant to "civilize" the Indians by making them take up farming and destroy Indian tribal life? | Dawes Severalty Act |
| What was it called when the govt. opened up the Indian territory land to settlers? | Oklahoma Land Rush |
| Because of problems with the economy, the govt. enacted what type of money policy? | "tight money" where they took paper money out of circulation |
| To help the economy, the govt. wanted every dollar in circulation to be backed by a similar amount of gold. This was called the.... | gold standard |
| What did the farmers form in 1867 to provide support for each other? | the Grange |
| Some farmers supported a party that wanted to put more money back in circulation. This was the.... | Greenback Party |
| While the Grange was a support group at the local level, the support groups at the state & national levels were called the.... | Farmer's Alliances |
| In 1890 the Farmer's Alliance met & devised a plan calling for a graduated income tax, unlimited coinage of silver, & direct election of senators....this was called the... | Ocala Platform |
| What stated that the fed. govt. could regulate interstate RR rates? | Interstate Commerce Act |
| What was designed to try and control the power of trusts & monopolies? | Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) |
| The Farmer's Alliances met and formed what party? | Populist Party (People's Party) |
| Who won the election of 1896? | Rep. William McKinley |
| Who ran against William McKinley in the election of 1896 on the Populist platform? | William Jennings Bryan |
| A view of the West that said the frontier had created a society that was committed to self-improvement, democracy, & were socially mobile... | Frederick Jackson Turner's ...Turner Thesis |
| What was the speech William Jennings Bryan gave against the Gold Standard? | the "Cross of Gold" speech |
| The two main RRs that extended their lines Westward in 1862-64... | Union Pacific & Central Pacific |
| In search of gold & silver, settlers went to... | Ca for gold & the Comstock Lode for silver |
| How did Texas ranchers get their cattle to market? | with the Cowboys & cattle drives |
| The Dawes Severalty Act was meant to.... | civilize or assimilate the Indians |
| The massive economic growth from 1865-the end of the century was called? | a Second Industrial Revolution |
| What was the dominant economic theory of the Second Industrial Revolution? | laissez faire capitalism |
| Most of the industrial growth of the period was based on.... | heavy industry |
| Who was an efficiency expert that empahsized speed in the workplace? | Frederick Taylor....Taylorism |
| The big businessmen of the period were.... | John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil), Andrew Carnegie (U.S. Steel), J.P. Morgan (Banking & finance) |
| What allowed owners of 1 co. to own stock in other co.'s in the same industry? | Trust and these were used to form monopolies |
| When an oil co., for ie, also controlls many other oil-producing companies it's .... | horizontal integration |
| What it is called when a co. not only moves to control production but also the marketing & distribution of the finished product? | vertical integration |
| What was the belief that success & wealth were rewards from God for hard work? | Social Darwinism |
| What was Carnegie's essay that said it was the duty of the wealthy to "give back" to the community? | Gospel of Wealth |
| Another term to describe the Captains of Industry? | Robber Barons |
| What was the major union to emerge from the 1870s that offered memberships to almost all workers? | Knights of Labor |
| In 1866, when strikers at the McCormick reaper plant demonstrated in downtown Chicago.... | Haymarket Square Riot...it really hurt the union movement |
| A union organized by crafts & made up of skilled workers.... | American Federation of Labor (AFL) |
| The first leader of the AFL? | Samuel Gompers |
| Examples of Union strikes were.... | Homestead Strike (Carnegie Steel Co.) & Pullman Strike (Pullman Palace Car Co.) |
| What was the name of the miners union in the West? | Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
| For the 1st time, people had things to buy and money to buy them with....this was the .... | Consumer Society |
| Who had been the !st wave of immigrants? | the "Old Immigrants" from Northern & Western Europe |
| Who were the "new immigrants?" | from Eastern Europe, Russia, & Italy |
| Where was the main point of entry for immigrants into the U.S.? | Ellis Island in New York |
| Where was the main point of entry for west coast immigration? | Angel Island |
| What act was meant to prohibit any new immigrants from Asia? | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| As immigration increased, many moved just outside the cities to.... | suburbia |
| Many poor workers lived in "apartments" which housed several families in 1 room called... | tenements |
| What was invented that made tall office buildings possible? | Bessemer Steel |
| Between 1875-1900 is described as an age of great prosperity on the outside, hiding deep problems of poverty on the inside.... | Gilded Age |
| Politics was run on what system in this time period? | Spoils system |
| What act eliminated the Spoils System? | Pendelton Civil Service Act |
| What was created to give jobs to people based on their qualifications? | Civil Service Commission |
| In 1893, a major Depression began w/millions out of work. Which Populist led a demonstration group to Washington? | Jacob Coxey.... Coxey's Army |
| What were the organizatins designed to keep a certain person in power? | Political Machines |
| The most famous machine was........ led by..........? | Tammany Hall........ William "Boss" Tweed |
| Who was responsible for the arrest of Boss Tweed? | cartoonist Thomas Nast |
| After the Civil War...a time when the U.S. began looking past its borders and aggressively seeking new territories to acquire... | Imperialism |
| Examples of Imperialism.... | Seward's Folly, Hawaii, Spanish-American War |
| The U.S. asked for an trading relationship with the Chinese....that was called ... | Open Door Policy |
| Who was a major supporter of the navy? and what book did he write to support one? | Alfred T. Mahan..... The Influence of Sea Power Upon History |
| What was the idea of the survival of the fittest in the business world? | Social Darwinsim |
| Who wrote the book, Our Country, that stated it was God who had appointed Anglos to watch out for others? | Josiah Strong |
| Who wrote a book about it being the duty of the U.S. to civilize "inferior" races? | Rudyard Kipling.... White Man's Burden |
| What began in 1898 over the mistreatment of Cubans by the Spanish? | Spanish-American War....with the sinking of the USS Maine |
| What is sensationalist writing, intended to sell more newspapers? | Yellow journalism |
| What is an intense nationalism w/a desire for adventure abroad? | jingoism |
| What was the most famous event of the Spanish-American War? | Teddy Roosevelt leading the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill |
| Who destroyed the Spanish fleet in the Pacific? | Admiral Dewey |
| What ended the Spanish-American War? | Treaty of Paris |
| What gave Cuba their independence? | Teller Amendment |
| What said the U.S. did have the right to intervene in Cuban affairs? | Platt Amendment |
| What was one of Teddy Roosevelt's biggest goals? | construction of the Panama Canal |
| When Roosevelt announced the U.S. had a right to intervene anywhere in the Western Hemis. | Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine |
| Roosevelt's most famous quote and policy... | "Big Stick Policy" to walk softly & carry a big stick |
| After Roosevelt, William Howard Taft's policy in Latin America? | Dollar Diplomacy. That U.S. investment would be better than the military |
| A movement that desired political & social reform, from the 1890s-WWI? | Progressivism |
| Most progressive reforms included: | City govt., better working conditions, education, & business regulation |
| This said that all true Christians should be helping the poor... | Social Gospel movement |
| A community center where the poor & new immigrants could go for assistance... | Settlement House |
| Who started the Settlement House movement & where? | Jane Addams with Hull House in Chicago |
| Who were the journalists that wrote about the corruption of the period? | Muckrakers |
| The book about the meat packing industry was.... | The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair |
| Who wrote about the corruption of the Standard Oil Co.? | Ida Tarbell |
| Lincoln Steffens wrote about political corruption in his book... | The Shame of the Cities |
| Who wrote about the horrible slums? | Jacob Riis in his book, "How the Other Half Lives" |
| Which two governors introduced political reforms? | Wisconsin's Robert LaFollette |
| Which Amendment was for the direct election of senators? | 17th Amendment |
| What allowed a citizen to propose a new law & have it appear on the ballot? | Initiative Process |
| What allowed citizens to vote on a law that was being considered for adoption? | Referendum Process |
| What allowed the voters to remove an elected official before his term was up? | Recall Process |
| What allowed party members to vote for candidates instead of having them picked by the boss? | Direct Primary |
| What items were part of the political reforms? | 17th Amendment, Initiative, Referendum, Recall, & Direct Primary |
| Which group pushed for alcohol reform? | Anti-Saloon League |
| Which group worked for women's suffrage? | Women's Suffrage Association |
| Which two women worked for women's suffrage? | Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony |
| The belief that women should have the same rights as men is.... | Feminism |
| A 1911 fire that killed 150 people, causing the progressives to push for reform.... | Triangle Shirtwaist Fire |
| Roosevelt worked to help all people get an equal chance in business & with the govt..... | "Square Deal" |
| What created the FDA? | Pure Food & Drug Act |
| What was meant to monitor the quality of all meat sold in the US? | Meat Inspection Act |
| Roosevelt was known as a "Trust Buster," meaning he wanted to better enforce the.... | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| Roosevelt also supported the.... | US Forest Service and the 16th Amendment (income taxes) |
| Who won the Election of 1908? | William Howard Taft |
| Roosevelt called his 1912 party the.... | Bull Moose Party |
| Who won the Election of 1912? | Woodrow Wilson |
| Which act strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act & made strikes legal? | Clayton Antitrust Act |
| What created the Federal Banks, with control over the US money supply? | Federal Reserve System |
| The assembly lines were working hard to produce this every 24 seconds.... | Model T |
| The ideas of Frederick Taylor's strategis for time management were called? | Scientific Management |
| Even though they didn't have the cash for it, lots of people were buying products on the... | installment plan.....on credit |
| The 20's was the decade when advertising began to influence the choices of consumers...... | the advertising age |
| Advertising helped to create a.... | national culture |
| The decade of the 20's saw the Republicans in power.... | Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, & Herbert Hoover |
| Government policies in the 20's were exclusively..... | pro-business |
| Warren G. Harding's presidential platform was for a.... | "Return to Normalcy" |
| What was the Harding administration most known for? | scandals |
| Who was involved in the Teapot Dome Scandal? | Sec. of the Interior, Albert Fall |
| When Albert Fall accepted bribes from oil companies for access to govt. oil in Wyoming... | Teapot Dome Scandal |
| When Harding died in 1923, who became President? | Calvin Coolidge |
| What was Coolidge's famous catch-phrase? | "The business of America is business." |
| The 1920's Republicans were interested in which type of economy? | Laissez Faire |
| With job competition increasing between whites and blacks, who became active in politics? | Marcus Garvey |
| what taught that capitalism was evil? | Comunism (Bolshevism) |
| Because of the fear of communism, what developed in the US? | a Red Scare |
| In the 1920's, who started carrying out raids in the homes of suspected communist radicals? | Attorney General Mitchell Palmer |
| When many Americans were arrested & deported who were thought to possibly have communist intentions..... | Palmer Raids |
| The 2 Italian immigrants who were arrested & exectued for murder... | Sacco & Vanzetti |
| What was referred to as an "instrument of the devil"? | alcohol |
| What was the movement to outlaw alcohol? | Prohibition |
| What were the clubs that sold illegal liquor? | Speakeasies |
| Which famous Chicago citizen became the "king of the bootleggers"? | Al Capone |
| Famous trial between Creationism vs. Evolution..... | Scopes Trial |
| The 1920's was the time of the.... | American Dream |
| Which baseball legend played at this time? | Babe Ruth |
| Others who became famous in the 20's? | Jack Dempsey, Rudolph Valentino, Charlie Chaplin, Clara Bow, & Charles Lindbergh |
| The 1920's was also known as the.... | Jazz Age |
| The symbol of the Jazz Age was the.... | Flapper |
| In 1927, what became the 1st movie with sound? | the Jazz Singer |
| The authors of this time wrote of alienation from mainstream culture....they felt out-of-place. They were called the... | Lost Generation |
| Examples of 20's authors were... | F. Scott Fitgerald's The Great Gatsby, & Ernest Hemingway's A Farwell to Arms |
| Black cultural expression in the 20's was celebrated in a movement called.... | the Harlem Renaissance |
| Examples of Harlem Renaissance artists were.... | Langston Hughes & Zora Neale Hurston |
| Notable Jazz singers of the 20's included.... | Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington |
| What were the years of World War I? | 1914-1918 |
| What was the immediate cause of WWI? | the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| What were the underlying causes of WWI? | militarism, nationalism, and imperialism |
| Who made up the Allied powers? | France, Russia, & Great Britain |
| Who make up the Central powers? | Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy |
| When the war began, what was the position of the US? | neutrality |
| One of the 1st actions that almost brought the US into the war was the.... | sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat |
| When the Germans promised not to sink anymore ships w/out prior warning.... | the Sussex Pledge |
| Who won the Election of 1916? | Woodrow Wilson |
| What was Wilson's campaign slogan? | "He kept us out of war!" |
| What did the Germans issue that said any ship from any country trying to enter ports of Allied nations would be sunk? | their policy of "Unrestricted submarine warfare" |
| This intercepted note from Germany to Mexico asked the Mexicans to invade the US... | Zimmerman Telegram |
| When did the Russians exit the war? | 1917 |
| Why did the Russians leave the war? | Communist (Bolshevik) Revolution broke out |
| When was the armistice signed, ending the war? | Novemeber 11, 1918 |
| To finance the war, Americans were encouraged to buy... | Liberty Bonds |
| Other stars advertised for the war, such as... | Charlie Chaplin |
| Which organization sought to increase food production & decrease consumption? | the Food Administration, headed by Herbert Hoover |
| Two tactics Hoover advocated to conserve food were... | "Wheatless Mondays" and "Meatless Tuesdays" |
| What attempted to stimulate production for the war effort by introducing strict production controls? | the War Industries Board, headed by Bernard Baruch |
| What was created to spread propaganda through newsreels, lectures, & the press? | the Committee on Public Info. ...headed by George Creel |
| What was passed that made it illegal to obstruct the draft process? | the Espionage Act |
| What mde it illegal to criticize the government, the Constitution, & the army or navy? | the Sedition Act |
| Which union leader served 10 yrs. in prison for criticizing the govt.? | Eugene Debs |
| When many African-Americans moved north to take factory jobs it was called... | the Great Migration |
| After the War ended, the winning nations met to discuss the terms of surrender at the.... | Paris Peace Conference |
| The Paris Peace Conference was dominated by the "Big Four," who were... | England, France, Italy, and the US |
| Woodrow Wilson's post-war plan for peace was called the.... | Fourteen Points |
| The most important part of the Fourteen Points for Wilson was the.... | League of Nations |
| Which Senator was very much against the US joining the League of Nations? | Henry Cabot Lodge |
| The League of Nations was never truly effective because the.... | US wouldn't join |
| After World War I, the US's international policy became.... | Isolationist |
| The American forces that landed in Europe were called... | AEF (American Expeditionary Force) |
| Who was the commander of the AEF? | Gen. John J. Pershing |
| In May 1917, the government authorized the draft, known as the.... | Selective Service Act |
| The best way for ships to travel were in groups called.... | Convoys |
