| A | B |
|---|
| Metaphor (also extended metaphor) | x=y |
| Simile | like/as/than |
| Symbolism | object = idea |
| Aural/Visual/Tactile/Gustatory/ Olfactory imagery | sound/sight/touch/taste/smell figurative language |
| Hyperbole | exagerration |
| Iambic pentameter | unstressed/stressed syllable x 5 |
| Personification | object to human |
| Reification | human to object |
| Anthropomorphism | animal to human |
| Zoomorphism | human to animal |
| Pathetic fallacy | weather reveals emotions |
| Volta | change of topic/argument |
| Oxymoron | opposing words |
| Antithesis | opposing phrase |
| Juxtaposition | opposing sentences |
| Lexis (lexical choice) | word choice |
| Holophrastic sentence | short sentence fragment |
| Caesura | break in a line (full stop) |
| Enjambment | run on lines |
| Stanza | verses/paragraphs of poems |
| Sonnet | 14 line poem |
| Ballad | song in 4 line stanzas |
| Haiku | short 3 line poem 5/7/5 syllables |
| Elegy | poem to one who has died |
| Ode | poem of praise |
| Free verse | unstructured poem |
| Tone | the quality of voice of the speaker |
| Attitude | the stance or mentality of the speaker |
| Persona | the character in a poem |
| Narrative voice | the voice of the speaker in a poem |
| Point of view | the view we see events from |
