| A | B |
|---|
| tissue | an anatomical unit composed of cells organized to perform a specific function |
| ribosome | a cellular structure composed of RNA and proteins that is the site of protein synthesis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells |
| protein | a macromolecule that contains the principal components of organisms: carbon,hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; performs a variety of structural and regulatory functions for cells |
| prokaryote | a single celled organisms that lacks a membrane bound nucleus and specialized organelles |
| plasma membrane | a thin, phospholipid and protein molecule bilayer that encapsulates a cell and controls the movemet of materials in an and out of the cell through active or passive transport |
| pH | the measure of acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of an aqueous solution scaling from 1 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly alkaline) witha midpoint of 7 (neutral) |
| passive transport | the transportation of materials across a plasmam membrane without using energy |
| osmosis | the movement of water or another solvent through permable membranes from an area of higher water concentration (dilute) to an area of lower water concentration (concentrated) |
| organelle | a subunit within a cell that has a specialized function |
| organ | an anatomical unit composed of tissues serving a common function |
| nucleus | a membrane bound organelle in eukaryotic cells functioning to maintain the integrity of the genetic material and through the expression of that material, controlling and regulating cellular activities |
| nucleic acid | a biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements: C, H, N, O and P that carries genetic information |
| monomer | a molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer. Each biological macromolecule has characteristic monomers |
| mitochondrion | a membrane bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells; site of cellular respiration |
| macromolecule | a polymer with a high molecular mass. With in organisms there are four main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
| lipids | a group of organic compounds composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen including a proportionately smaller amount of oxygen; are insoluble in water, serve as a source of stored energy, and are a component of cell membranes |
| homeostasis | the regulatory process in which an organism regulates its internal environment |
| golgi apparatus | an organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for the final stages of processing proteins for release by the cell |
| facilitated diffusion | a process in which substances are transported across a plasma membrane with the concentration gradient with the aid of carrier (transport) proteins; does not require the use of energy |
| exocytosis | a process in which a cell releases substances to the extracellular environment by fusing a vesicular membrane with the plasma membrane, separating the membrane at the point of fusion and allowing the substance to be released |
| eukaryote | a type of organism composed of one or more cells containing a membrane-bound nucleus, specialized organlles in the cytoplas, and a mitotic nuclear division cycle |
| enzyme | a protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction; an organic catalyst |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | an organelle, containing folded membranes and sacs, responsible for the production, prcoessing and transportation of materisl for use inside and outside a eukaryotic cell. There are two forms of this orgnalle: rough ER that has surface ribosomes and participates in the synthesis of proteins mostly destined for export by the cell and smooth ER that has no ribomes and participates in the synthesis of lipids and steroids as well as the transport of synthesized macromolecules |
| endocytosis | a process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane |
| catalyst | an enzyme; a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up |
| carbohydrate | an organic macromolecule that stores quick energy; sugars |
| cohesion | the property of water sticking to itself |
| adhesion | the property of water sticking to something different |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration of molecules across the membrane |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without the use of energy |
| osmosis | the movement of water molecules from high to low concentration without the use of energy |
| cell | the basic unit of life |
| atom | the building block of all matter |
| chloroplast | the organelle where photosynthesis occurs |
| ATP | the energy molecule of the cell; adenosine triphosphate |
| active transport | the movement of molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient from low to high concentration which requires ATP |
| carrier protein | an integral protein that acts as a channel for molecules to pass through the selectively permeable membrane |
| amino acid | monomer of a protein |
| fatty acid | monomer of a lipid |
| nucleotide | monome of a nucleic acid, composed of a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base |
| monosaccharide | monomer of a carbohydrate sugar; single carbon ring, glucose, fructose, galactose |
