| A | B |
|---|
| nucleus | a large structure within a cell that controls the cell's metabolism and stores geentic information, including chromosomes and DNA |
| mitochondria | pod-shaped organelles that contain enzymes used to extract energy from nutrients; the site of cellular respiration |
| ribosome | tiny structure in the cell that is the site for protein production |
| chloroplasts | the green organelle that contains chlorophyll; site where photosynthesis takes place |
| cell membrane | the thin boundary between the cell and its environment |
| flagella | a singular whip-like structure that helps an organism to move |
| cilia | organelle on the surface of a cell, with the capacity for movement |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concetration of water |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrations |
| hypertonic | more concentrated of a solution; above strength |
| hypotonic | less concetrated of a solution; below strength |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across the cell membranes through protein channels |
| active transport | the process by which cells use energy to transport molecules through the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration |
| photosynthesis | the process by which some organisms are able to capture light energy and use it to make food from carbon dioxide and water |
| cellular respiration | the process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy store in them |
| atp | a compound that stores energy in cells |
| anaerobic respiration | respiration in the absence of oxygen, in which glucose is partially oxidized |
| aerobic respiration | respiration carried out in the presence of oxygen, in which glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water |
| chemosynthesis | a form of autotrophic nutrition in which energy for synthesizing organic compounds comes from inorganic compounds rather than light |
| prokaryotic cell | unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus |
| eukaryotic cell | all organisms whose cells contain nuclei |
| nervous system | body system that transmits nerve impulses throughout the body |
| endocrine system | the system that includes various hormone producing glands that secrete substances directly into the blood or lymph |
| skeletal system | supports the body, protects internal organs, stores mineral reserves, site for blood cell formation |
| digestive system | the body system that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that the organism can use |
| excretory system | the body system responsible for the removal of all wastes produced by the cells of the body |
| circulatory/cardiovascular system | system in which blood is circulated through a network of blood vessels |
| muscular system | a body system comprised of tisse that contracts when it is stimulated; the combination of muscles that enables the body to move |
