| A | B |
|---|
| Gregor Mendel | father of genetics |
| allele | synonym for gene |
| genetics | the study of how traits are inherited |
| dominant | form of a trait that appears to mask another form of the same trait |
| recessive | gene that is not expressed |
| Punnett square | tool used to predict results in Mendelian genetics |
| homologous | chromosomes that are the same shape, same size, and carry genes for the same traits |
| where genes are found | in a row on chromosomes |
| mutation | change in genetic material |
| nondisjunction | when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis |
| environment | influences the expression of genes |
| Watson and Crick | created model of DNA |
| nucleotide | repeating unit of DNA |
| the genetic code | sequence of bases |
| 2 functions of DNA | 1) replicate 2) direct ribosomes to make proteins |
| transcription | when DNA copies PART of itself (a gene) to make mRNA |
| translation | when mRNA is decoded to make protein |
| mRNA | message sent from DNA to the ribosome |
| tRNA | carry amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis |
| genetic engineering | placing a gene of one organism into another |
| cloning | placing a body cell nucleus into an enucleated egg cell which develops into an identical organism |
| DNA gel electrophoresis | separates DNA fragments to determine relationships |
| karyotype | picture of chromosomes used to diagnose some disorders |
