| A | B |
|---|
| allele | one of the two letters of a genotype |
| number of chromosomes in a gamete | 23 chromosomes |
| smallest piece of genetic information | gene |
| trait | a genetically determined characteristic |
| Gregor Mendel | "Father of Genetic"--discovered traits are inherited and passed from parent to offspring |
| XX | girl |
| XY | boy |
| types of mutations | substitution, deletion, insertion |
| mutation | changes to a DNA molecule |
| genotype | instructions for a trait |
| the capital "R" in Rr | dominant allele |
| the lowercase "r" in Rr | recessive allele |
| probability of a couple having a boy | 50% |
| phenotype | brown hair |
| number of chromosomes in a somatic cell | 46 chromosomes |
| asexual reproduction | genetic material identical to the parent |
| sexual reproduction | each offspring gets chromosomes from each parent |
| adaptation | a trait that helps an organism to survive and reproduce |
| an example of homozygous genotype | SS or ss |
| an example of heterozygous genotype | Ss |
| inherit | a quality or characteristic that is genetically passed from parent to offspring |
| Punnett Square | a diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment |
| organism | an individual living creature (plant or animal or single-celled life form) |
| offspring | the product of the reproductive processes of organisms |
| genetic factors | pieces of genetic code that determine traits that develop in organisms |
