| A | B |
|---|
| stimulus | something that causes a physiological response (plural: stimuli) |
| kinesis | random movement that results from an increase in activity levels due to a stimulus |
| taxis | movement in a particular direction, either toward or away from a stimulus |
| circadian rhythm | daily cycle of activity that occurs over a 24-hour period of time |
| biological clock | internal mechanism that controls an animal's activity patterns |
| instinct | inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species |
| innate | behavior that is not learned through experience |
| releaser | stimulus that triggers a specific behavior |
| habituation | process of eventually ignoring a repeated stimulus |
| imprinting | process by which a newborn animal quickly learns to recognize another animal, such as a parent |
| imitation | process by which an organism learns a behavior by observing other individuals |
| classical conditioning | process by which an organism learns to associate a previously neutral stimulus with a reward or punishment |
| operant conditioning | process by which a behavior increases or decreases as the result of a reward or punishment |
| survivorship | probability of surviving to a particular age |
| territoriality | behavior pattern in which an organism controls and defends a specific area |
| optimal foraging | theory that states that natural selection will favor organisms that have behaviors that can gather the best food sources |
| pheromone | chemical released by an organism that stimulates a behavior in other organisms of the same species |
| altruism | behavior in which an animal reduces its own fitness to help to other members of its social group |
| inclusive fitness | total number of genes an animal contributes to the next generation |
| kin selection | when natural selection acts on alleles that favor the survival of close relatives |
| eusocial | organism population in which the role of each organism is specialized and not all of the organisms will reproduce |
| cognition | mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment |
| insight | ability to solve a problem without repeated trial and error |
| cultural behavior | behavior that is passed between members of the same population by learning and not natural selection |
