| A | B |
|---|
| simple Fx | Fx through bone, no fragments, alignment OK |
| complete Fx | bone broken in 2 or more separate pieces |
| greenstick Fx | bending of immature bone |
| open Fx | osteomyelitis is huge risk |
| closed Fx | skin intact |
| comminuted Fx | bone Fx in multiple small pieces |
| transverse Fx | Fx occurs along width of bone |
| linear Fx | Fx along length of bone |
| oblique Fx | occurs at an angle to diaphysis |
| spiral Fx | Fx rotates like "spiral" staircase |
| mechanism of injury | How did injury happen? |
| repetitive motion injury | chronic injury may result in fibrosis |
| pathological Fx | occurs d/t bone disease, ex - CA |
| stress Fx | usually to metatarsals d/t overuse |
| compression Fx | treated by vertebroplasty |
| impacted Fx | bone end "shoved" into adjacent bone end |
| radiographs (X-rays) | most common means of Dx Fx |
| bone scan | contrast agent used to Dx Fx not seen on X-ray |
| alignment | bone ends in correct position |
| reduction | straighten or realign bone |
| open reduction | requires incision to realign bones |
| internal fixation | pins, nails, screws, inserted during OR |
| external fixator | rods/pins outside body to stabilize Fx |
| immobilize | another word for stabilize |
| post-reduction X-ray | required to document bone position |
| closed reduction | bones repositioned without surgery |
| manual traction | MD hands used to realign Fx |
| casts, slings, immobilizers | limit bone end movement to allow healing |
| traction | pulling motion |
| hematoma | pocket of blood occurs initially at Fx |
| granulation tissue with fibrocartilage | soft tissue produced by osteoblasts |
| bony callus | immature bone |
| remodeling | osteoclasts return healed Fx to normal shape |
| loss of perfusion | complication of Fx d/t loss of blood |
| circulation | evaluated by pulse checks & CRT |
| blanching | tissues become pale/white d/t pressure |
| CRT | normal capillary refill time <3sec |
| distal circulation checks | confirm perfusion beyond injury |
| nonstable, nonunion | bone ends fail to heal |
| deformity | bone fragments heal abnormally |
| osteoclasts | cells which destroy bone |
| radial pulse | on thumb side of wrist |
| femoral pulse | in the inguinal area (groin) |
| pedal pulse | top of foot |
| brachial pulse | in the bend of elbow, slightly medial |
