| A | B |
|---|
| Solution | – a mixture of one or more substances |
| solutes | A substance dissolved in another substance |
| solvent | A substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution |
| Hydrophilic molecules | - dissolve in water |
| Hydrophobic molecules | - repel water |
| Amphipathic molecules | have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties |
| pH scale | – ranges from 0 to 14, expresses the concentration of H+ ions |
| Carbon | is the fundamental element of life |
| Macromolecules: | large compounds assembled from smaller subunits |
| Monomer: | a repeating subunit |
| Polymer | : a chain of monomers |
| Saccharide: | simple carbohydrate |
| Monosaccharide: | 3-7 carbons |
| Disaccharide | : two monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharide: | five or more monosaccharides |
| Dehydration synthesis | : loss of water in a polymerization reaction |
| Carbohydrates functions | cell structure, adhesion, and metabolism |
| Lipids | Triglycerides, phospholipids in membranes, steroids like cholesterol, hydrophobic |
| Triglycerides | – energy storage, can be saturated or unsaturated |
| Phospholipid – | major cell membrane component, Bilayers of phospholipids form membranes |
| Steroids | – cell membrane component |
| Proteins | Predominant molecules in cells, amino acids |
| Proteins functions | support, enzymes, transport, defense, movement |
| Proteins fold into--- | Fold into very specific 3-D shapes |
| DNA ( name) | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| RNA – ( name) | – ribonucleic acid |
| DNA functions | Function – hereditary material--double helix |
| RNA function | organize protein synthesis |
| Double Helix of DNA | DNA is formed by two very long polynucleotide strands linked along their length by hydrogen bonds |
