| A | B |
|---|
| Apartheid | Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. |
| Balkanization | A process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. |
| Balkanized | Descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other. |
| Barrio | An urban area in a Spanish-speaking country. |
| Blockbusting | A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood. |
| Centrifugal force | Something that tends to divide people and countries. |
| Centripetal force | An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. |
| Enclave | A small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture. |
| Ethnic cleansing | A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. |
| Ethnicity | Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. |
| Exclave | An enclave geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory. |
| Genocide | The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence. |
| Nationalism | Loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality. |
| Nationality | Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there. |
| Race | Identity with a group of people descended from a biological ancestor. |
| Racism | Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. |
| Racist | A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism. |
| Sharecropper | A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops. |
| Triangular slave trade | A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean Islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa. |
