| A | B |
|---|
| Alloantigens | – cell surface markers and molecules that occur in some members of the same species but not in others |
| Superantigens | Superantigens – potent T cell stimulators; provoke an overwhelming response |
| Allergen | Allergen – antigen that evokes allergic reactions |
| Autoantigens | – molecules on self tissues for which tolerance is inadequate--meaning they see it as nonself |
| The lymphocyte responsible for finding and destroying cancerous cells is the -- | cytotoxic T cell |
| Active immunity | a person is challenged with antigen that stimulates production of antibodies; creates memory, takes time, and is lasting |
| Passive immunity | – preformed antibodies are donated to an individual; does not create memory, acts immediately, and is short term |
| Natural immunity | – acquired as part of normal life experiences |
| Artificial immunity | – acquired through a medical procedure such as a vaccine |
| Passive immunity examples | gamma globulin, contains immunoglobulin extracted from pooled blood--Treatment of choice in preventing measles and hepatitis A and in replacing antibodies in immunodeficient patients |
| Sera produced in horses are available for diphtheria, botulism, and spider and snake bites--what kind of immunity? | passive |
| How long does Igg given for hepatitis last? | passive immunity--acts immediately--lasts 2-3 months |
| Artificial active immunity | – deliberately exposing a person to material that is antigenic but not pathogenic |
| principle behind Artificial active immunity | Principle is to stimulate a primary and secondary anamnestic response to prepare the immune system for future exposure to a virulent pathogen |
| After Artificial active immunity happens--what then happens if person exposed to that pathogen? | Response to a future exposure will be immediate, powerful, and sustained |
| If the capsule of the pathogen is being used as a vaccine, it would be called a/an | Acellular Vaccine |
| herd immunity | Immune individuals will not harbor it, reducing the occurrence of pathogens--Less likely that a nonimmunized person will encounter the pathogen |
