| A | B |
|---|
| Initial response of host defenses comes from ________ | phagocytes |
| Surviving Host Defense-Antiphagocytic factors – | used to avoid phagocytosis |
| Surviving Host Defense-leukocidins | , toxic to white blood cells |
| Surviving Host Defense-Slime layer or capsule – | makes phagocytosis difficult |
| Virulence factors – | traits used to invade and establish themselves in the host, also determine the degree of tissue damage that occurs – severity of disease |
| Exoenzymes – | dissolve extracellular barriers and penetrate through or between cells |
| Toxigenicity | – capacity to produce toxins at the site of multiplication |
| 2 Types of Bacterial Toxins | Endotoxin – Exotoxin |
| Endotoxin – | endo-from inside--toxin that is not secreted but is released after the cell is damaged |
| Exotoxin | exo-from outside cell-Exotoxin – toxin molecule secreted by a living bacterial cell into the infected tissue |
| Only Gram-positive bacteria can secrete exotoxins. True/ False | false |
| Only Gram-positive bacteria can secrete endootoxins. True/ False | true |
| 4 distinct stages of clinical infections | Incubation period ,Prodromal stage Period of invasion Convalescent period |
| Incubation period | first stage – time from initial contact with the infectious agent to the appearance of first symptoms; agent is multiplying but damage is insufficient to cause symptoms; several hours to several years |
| Prodromal stage | –2nd stage, vague feelings of discomfort; nonspecific complaints |
| Period of invasion | 3rd stage- – multiplies at high levels, becomes well-established; more specific signs and symptoms |
| Convalescent period | last stage– as person begins to respond to the infection, symptoms decline |
| Localized infection | – microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue or area of body |
| Systemic infection | – infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream |
| Focal infection | – when infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissues |
