| A | B |
|---|
| King | Had a special status Female companion also had a special status Ruler of the land |
| Ruling Class | Related or of high importance of the King |
| Craftsman | Craftsman make weapons and tools for the people Work on the decorations for tombs |
| Farmers | Most people of the Nile tribes were farmers that can only be vaguely distinguished by their tombs. |
| Marginalized Groups | Very little known about the people. Did not live in organized structures Acted as military |
| Slavery | Little evidence of slavery Servants were often used and sold. The Pyramids were built by servants who were paid in beer. |
| Menes | First Dynasty Egyption King Possibly found Ancient Rome Accredited for combining upper and lower Egyp |
| Tools/Weapons/Technology/Literature | Produced a 365-day calendar based on astronomy. Developed early Geometry used for designing fields and canals. Hieroglyphics were created and carved on to tablets for communication |
| Polytheistic | Multiple gods |
| Agriculture | The development of widespread irrigation systems allowed the indigenous population to provide food for themselves. |
| Trade | The economy depended greatly on trade. Trade was conducted within the civilization as well as with Mesopotamia. Advancement in technology led to carts and early boats that were used as the main method of trade and travel. |
| Four Elements of Caste System | People were born into social classes that could not be changed. Brahmins (priests and the king) Kshatriyas (warriors and aristocrats - rulers) Vaishyas (cultivators, artisans, and merchants) Shudras (peasants and serfs) |
| Buildings and Structures | ndividual buildings for bathing and using the restroom (had an early "sanitation" system) Citadels were used for defense Granaries All houses had access to water and were about the same size Houses had one or two stories Most buildings were made of dry bricks No large monuments or structures |
| Tools | Constructed from bronze and possibly copper and iron Clay was utilized for both art and tool manufacturing Developed a measuring system and tools for measurement (first, and most precise of the time) |
| Weapons | Constructed from bronze Weaponry was not as advanced as it was in the Mesopotamian society Arrows were crafted Swords were not developed Isolated geography negated the need for advanced weaponry |
| Technology | Large irrigation systems First civilization in the world to develop precise measurement and weighing equipment Most technology was used to aid in agriculture Other trade technologies such as boats and carts were employed to facilitate trade |
| Hinduism | 1700-1100 B.C. Polytheistic |
| Buddhism | 365 B.C. Monotheistic (Buddha) |
| Vedas - Oldest Scriptures of Hinduism | Writings on prayers Hymns Religious Rituals Philosophies |
| Gender Roles | Men worked within their designated caste social class Women were valued because of their ability to produce offspring and nurse When children were old enough, they adopted their parents' role |
