| A | B |
|---|
| Frontal bone | Forehead, superior surface of orbits (bony recesses that contain the eyes) |
| Supraorbital foramen | on frontal bone: opening in bony ridge above each orbit, allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves to and from eyebrows and eyelids |
| Frontal sinuses | superior to orbit, make bone lighter, produce mucus that cleans and moistens nasal cavities |
| Parietal bones | posterior to the frontal bone, forms the roof and superior walls of the cranium |
| Sagittal suture | line where parietal bones interlock along the midline of the cranium |
| Coronal suture | line where parietal bones and frontal bones interlock |
| Occipital bone | forms posterior and inferior portions of cranium |
| Lambdoid suture | superior margin where occipital bone interlocks with the parietal bones |
| Foramen magnum | on the occipital bone: connects cranial cavity with vertebral column, spinal cord passes through to connect to inferior part of brain |
| Occipital condyles | on either side of the foramen magnum, allows for articulation between skull and vertebral column |
| Temporal bones | inferior to parietal bone, helps form sides and base of cranium |
| Squamous suture | line where temporal and parietal bones contact |
| External acoustic canal | leads to tympanum (eardrum) |
| Mandibular fossa | on temporal bones: depression anterior to external acoustic canal that marks the place of articulation with the mandible (lower jaw) |
| Mastoid process | on temporal bones: prominent bulge posterior and inferior to external acoustic canal that provides a site for the attachment of muscles that move the head |
| Styloid process | on temporal bones:long sharp process next to mastoid, ligament attachment site |
| Sphenoid bone | forms part of the floor of the cranium, forms bridge between cranial and facial bones, shaped like a bat |
| Sella turcica (Turk’s saddle) | on sphenoid bone: central depression between lateral “wings”, houses pituitary gland |
| Ethmoid bone | anterior to sphenoid bone; two honey-combed masses of bone that forms part of the cranial floor, contributes to the medial surfaces of each orbit, and forms the roof of the mouth and sides of the nasal cavity |
| Cribriform plate | on ethmoid bone: holes allow for the passage of olfactory nerves |
| Nasal septum | on ethmoid bone: wall that divides nasal cavity into right and left portions |
| Nasal cochae | on ethmoid bone: slow airflow into the nasal cavity allowing it to become cleaned and moistened |
| Maxillary bones (maxillae) | articulate with all other facial bones except the mandible, forms floor and medial portion of the rim of the orbit, forms walls of nasal cavity, forms anterior roof of the mouth |
| Palatine bones | pair of bones that forms the posterior surface of the hard palate, forms part of the nasal cavity and part of the floor in each orbit |
| Vomer | inferior margin articulates with palatine bones, supports a prominent partition that forms the nasal septum |
| Zygomatic bones | located on each side of the skull, articulates with the frontal bone and maxilla to complete the lateral wall of the orbit |
| Zygomatic arch | cheekbone, slender boney extension that curves laterally and posteriorly to meet a process from the temporal bone. |
| Nasal bones | forms bridge of nose midway between the orbits, articulates with the frontal and maxillary bones |
| Lacrimal bones | located within the orbit on its medial surface, articulate with frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones. |
| Mandible | the bones of the lower jaw |
| Condylar process of mandibular ramus | more posterior process that ends at the mandibular condyle (articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone) |
| Coronoid process of mandibular ramus | attachment site for temporalis muscle that closes the jaw |
| Hyoid Bone | U shaped bone suspended below the skull, serves as a base for the muscles associated with the larynx (voicebox), toungue, and pharynx |
| Fontanels | areas of fibrous connective tissue that connect cranial bones, allows for the cranium to flex and bend during the birth process, allows for rapid growth of the brain. |
