| A | B |
|---|
| skeletal muscle | attach to bone, voluntary movement, striated, mutiple nuclei |
| cardiac muscle | found in heart wall, involuntary movement, striated |
| smooth muscle | found in organs and blood vessels, involuntary, not striated, one nucleus |
| muscle tension | the pulling force on the tendons that muscle cells generate when contracting |
| muscle tone | the tension in a "resting" muscle produced by a low level of spontaneus motor neuron activity |
| atrophy | muscle wasting |
| isotonic contraction | The tension (load) on a muscle stays constant (iso = same, tonic = tension) during a movement. (Example: lifting a baby, walking, running) |
| isometric contraction | The length of a muscle stays constant (iso = same, metric = length) during a “contraction” (Example: holding a baby at arms length, pushing against a closed door, maintaining your posture) |
| fast fibers (fast-twitch) | produce powerful, breif contractions; fatigue rapidly |
| slow fibers (slow-twitch) | produce slow, steady contractions; can continue contracting for long periods of time |
| anaerobic endurance | time over which a muscle can contract under anaerobic conditions (no oxygen) |
| hypertrophy | increase in muscle bulk that can result from anaerobic weight training |
| aerobic endurance | time over which a muscle can contract supported by mitochondria |
| Prime Mover (agonist) | a muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing a particular movement |
| Antagonist | a muscle whose actions oppose the movement produced by another muscle |
| Synergist | a muscle that helps the prime mover work more efficiently by providing an extra pull near the insertion or stabilizing the point of origin |
