| A | B |
|---|
| pedigree | a graphic representation of genetic inheritance |
| circle | used to represent a female in a pedigree |
| square | used to represent a male in a pedigree |
| carrier | a heterozygous individual, one that carries the gene for a disease but does not contract the disease |
| cystic fibrosis | accumulation of mucus in lungs, mainly in white Americans |
| Tay-Sachs disease | lipid accumulation in cells of nervous system, common among Ashkenazic Jews |
| Phenylkentonuria | accumulation of phenylalanine, common among descendents from Norway or Sweden |
| Huntington's disease | a rare dominant allele results in breakdown of brain |
| incomplete dominance | phenotype of heterozygote is intermediate between the two homozygous |
| RR' | example of heterozygous with incomplete dominance |
| codominance | the phenotype of both homozygotes are expressed in the heterozygous individual |
| BW | example of heterozygous with codominance |
| multiple alleles | traits controlled by more than two alleles |
| autosomes | 22 pairs of matching homologous chromosomes that don't determine sex |
| sex chromosomes | the 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine sex (X and Y) |
| sex-linked traits | traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes |
| polygenic inheritance | inheritance pattern of a trait that is controlled by two or more genes |
| sickle-cell anemia | red blood cells are shaped like a sickle and block blood flow and result in tissue damage |
| blood types | governed by multiple alleles: <i>IA</i>, <i>IB</I>, and <i>i</i> |
| hemophilia | X-linked disorder in which blood does not clot properly |
| karyotype | a chart of chromosome pairs |
| down syndrome | disease results from having three chromosomes at spot 21 |
| Gregor Mendel | Father of Genetics |
| monohybrid cross | cross of only one trait |
| dihybrid cross | cross of two traits |
| 3:1 ratio | resultant phenotypic ratio from Mendel's monohybrid cross |
| Punnett square | organizes gametes to show possible offspring |
| genotype | actual genetic makeup of organism |
| phenotype | visual representation of genotype |
| Law of Segregation | gametes randomly pair during fertilization |
| Law of Independent Assortment | genes are inherited independently of each other |
| heterozygous | alleles are different (dominant and recessive) |
| homozygous | allels are the same (both dominant or both recessive) |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that carry the genes for the same trait |
| allele | different version of a gene for a trait |
