| A | B |
|---|
| amylase | digestive enzyme contained in saliva that breaks down starch into monosaccharides |
| esophagus | muscular tube connects the mouth to the stomach |
| peristalsis | a series of involuntary smooth muscle contractions along the digestive tract |
| epiglottis | flap of cartilage which closes over the trachea when swallowing |
| stomach | muscular, pouch-like enlargement of the digestive tract |
| pepsin | enzyme produced in the stomach that breaks down proteins |
| small intestine | muscular tube connected to the stomach about 6 meters long, where digestion is finished |
| pancreas | soft, flattened gland that secretes enzymes which break down all three biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins |
| liver | produces bile |
| bile | chemical substance that helps break down fats |
| gallbladder | small organ that stores bile |
| villus | a single projection on the lining of the small intestine that helps with the absorption of digested food |
| large intestine | muscular tube connected to the small intestine, where absorption of water takes place |
| rectum | last part of the digestive system where feces is eliminated |
| mineral | substance that serves as building material or takes part in a chemical reaction in the body |
| vitamin | help maintain growth and metabolism |
| Calorie | unit of heat used to measure energy in food |
| endocrine glands | release chemicals directly into the bloodstream |
| hypothalamus | portion of the brain that connects the endocrine system with the nervous system |
| pituitary gland | main gland of the endocrine system |
| target cell | cells that hormones travel to |
| receptor | binding sites on target cells that recognize hormones |
| negative feedback system | system that controls endocrine system, when hormones signal the originial stimulus to stop |
| adrenal gland | sit on top of the kidney and produce adrenaline (epinephrine) |
| thyroid gland | regulates metabolism and growth and development |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone, reduces amount of water in urine |
| insulin | hormone that lowers blood sugar level |
| glucagon | hormone that raises blood sugar level, causes liver to release glycogen |
