| A | B |
|---|
| Full Foundation | of a perimeter foundation wall tall enough to create a basement that could be utilized as additional living space or storage. |
| Crawl Space | consists of a perimeter foundation wall that is tall enough to position the footings below the frost level and allows access for HVAC, plumbing and electrical. The foundation wall will be no more that 4?-0? tall and the space cannot be utilized as additional living space. |
| Pier Foundation | consists of a series of columns on individual footings arranged in a grid pattern that support the structure. |
| Slab on grade | is a reinforced concrete floor supported by the soil with an integral footing created by thickening the slab at its outer edges. Slab on grade foundation are used where there is shallow frost depth or when frost protection is used (instead of strip footing). |
| Foundation wall | is the wall that sits on top of the footing, supports the building and can be made of a variety of materials. |
| Step downs | occur in a foundation wall to accommodate garage doors and represent a lower elevation than the top of the wall. |
| Footings | are the base of the foundations and foundation walls that are of two types; continuous and individual; also called footers. Footing size is determined by the soil bearing capacity of the soil and is generally twice as wide and as tall as the thickness of the wall. |
| Frost Line | is the depth that frost penetrates into the earth |
| Step Footing | is a footing that transitions from a full foundation wall to a frost wall as is found in an attached garage. The footing steps up to a higher elevation. |
| Column Footing | is the square footing found at the base of a column that distribute the load on the column to the soil. The size of a column footing is determined by the load it has to support and the soil bearing capacity per square foot. |
| Concrete | is a common material used for foundations that is made of one part cement, two parts, and three parts gravel (aggregate). |
| Reinforcing rods / rebar | are steel bars added to concrete slabs, beams and columns to help them resist tension forces. |
| Pressure treated lumber | is lumber that is dried and then treated under pressure to drive preservatives into the wood to prevent decay and insect infestation. |
| Precast Concrete Panels | are panels made of concrete in a manufacturing facility that are shipped and assemble at the job site. |
| Beam/ Girder | a horizontal support member that carries a load |
| Compression | is a force that exerts crushing pressure on a structure |
| Tension | is a force that pulls on objects forcing them to stretch. |
| Area | length times the width equals square feet or area. |
| Load | is the weight that a support member has to carry. The load is the combination of the dead load the components that make up the structure and the live load the people and things that are put into the building. |
| Span | is the distance that a framing member has to support |
| Lally column | is a hollow steel tube filled with concrete and is used to support weight transferred from horizontal beams and girders. |
| Excavated | is an area of land that is dug out creating a cavity or hole in the earth. |
| Unexcavated | is an area of land that is not dug out and is left undisturbed |
| Parallel | planes and surfaces lying side by side, extending in the same direction and equally distant from each other at all points. |
| Perpendicular | is a line or plane that intersects at right angles |
| Square | a term used to describe the 90 degree intersection of framing members. |
| Sill Plate | is the board that sits on top of the foundation wall to which all framing members are fastened. |
| Anchor bolt | is an L shaped bolt inserted into the concrete to which the sill plate is fastened. |
