| A | B |
|---|
| What are the parts of an atom? and their charges? | Proton (+), Neutron (no charge), electron (negative) |
| What part of the atom allows it to react? | Electrons. (found outside the nucleus) |
| What is the difference between the atomic number and the atomic mass? | Atomic number= number of protons, Atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons |
| The number of _________ is responsible for the type of atom. | Proton |
| What are the three types of chemical bonds? | Covalent, Hydrogen, Ionic |
| Describe and draw a covalent bond? | Share electrons. Strong bond like those in a water molecule or in carbon dioxide. |
| Describe and draw an ionic bond. | Steal electrons. Breaks into ions + and - |
| Describe and draw a hydrogen bond. | Between molecules. Two molecules of water make a hydrogen bond between the negative water atom and the positive hydrogen atom. |
| Which of the bonds is the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| Define solute, solvent, and solution | Solute: smallest thing, dissolves in the solvent. Solvent big thing (often water) you dissolve stuff into. Solution is the solute and solvent mixed together. |
| What is an enzyme? | A biological catalyst that reduces activation energy in a chemical reaction. |
| Define a stubstrate, active site, and product of an enzyme. | The enzyme has an active site that the substrate fits into. The enzyme changes shape (induced fit) and causes the substrate starting material) to turn into the product (end result) |
| What affects the ability of an enzyme to function? | Temperature, pH, Electricity, and radiation |
| What does an enzyme do? | Lowers activation energy and increases the speed of chemical reactions. |
| What are the four organic compounds and what is each used for? | Carbohydrates= fast energy, Fat= slow energy, Proteins= build you, Nucleic acids= genetic material |
| What is an organic compound? | Has carbon-hydrogen bonds. |
| What is a lipid? Where is it used? Draw a phospholipid and a fat. | Lipid is a fat. Used in your plasma membranes and around your organs. Fats often look like the letter E |
| What are the two types of nucleic Acids? Compare and contrast them. | DNA= double stranded, RNA= single stranded; both are genetic material |
| What is a monosaccharide? Disaccharide? polysaccharide? give an example of each. | Monosaccharide= single sugar like glucose, fructose, and glactose. Disaccharide=two sugars like sucrose and lactose, polysaccharide is many sugars like cellulose (wood) and starch (potatoes) |
| What are the properties of water that make it important to life? | Hydrogen bonds, Polar (have a + and a - side), Cohesion= sticks to itself, Adhesion= sticks to other things, Capillary action (because of cohesion and adhesion it can climb a long thin tube, less dense than water when frozen, evaporates, high specific heat (takes a lot of energy to heat or cool water) |
| What is pH? How is it measured? | pH means potential hydrogen. It is measured by how many grams of hydrogen are measured in a solution. pH is the measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. |
| An Acid has a pH of ________to ____, a base has a pH of ____ to ____, neutral is_____. | An Acid has a pH of ___0_____to ___6.9_, a base has a pH of _7.1___ to _14___, neutral is_7___. |
| If an acid and base are mixed what is the product? | Acid and a base will make salt and water. If the morality is the same a pH of 7 (neutral) will also occur.) |
| Compare and contrast exothermic and endothermic reactions. | Exothermic: hot, energy is given off, break bonds, less energy at the end than what you started with. Endothermic reaction: cold, energy goes into it. forms bonds. More energy at the end than what you started with. |
| Reactants, substrates, and Products | Reactants= go into a chemical equation. Products= come out of a chemical equation. Substrate= Substance that goes into a reaction that is catalyzed by an enzyme to make a new product. |
| What can water dissolve? | Anything with a charge: All ionic compounds and all polar covalent compounds. |
| What can water not dissolve? | Non-polar covalent substances like fat and oil because they have no charge. (like dissolves like). |
| What is an ion? | Charged particle like Na+ or Cl- |
| Why do you need to breath oxygen? | To make energy |
| Why is oxygen dangerous to you? | It is a free radical and will damage your DNA. |
| Is salt a molecule? | No it is a compound made by ionic bonds. |
| What are the major elements essential to life? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON) |
| What does OILRIG stand for? | Oxidation is loss of electrons, Reduction is gain of electrons (Remember: Chemistry is all about where the electron goes!.) |
| What is a buffer? | Neutralizes Acids and Bases so that they stay within a certain pH range. (Your blood need to be slightly basic, Buffers keep it that way.) |
