| A | B |
|---|
| Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs? | Alveoli |
| Describe adventitious breath sounds? | Crackles, Rhonchi, Wheezes |
| What are 2 causes of emphysema? | Smoking & alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency |
| What is the action and side effects of beta-2 agonist drugs? | Stimulates SNS; ↑ pulse, nervousness, insomnia |
| Which MDI do you rinse the mouth after using and why? | Corticosteroids, prevent Candida albicans infection/ thrush |
| What stimulates respiration? | CO2 level |
| Which bacterial infection causes “bacterial pharyngitis”? | Group A hemolytic Strep (strep throat) |
| The primary complication of influenza is? | Pneumonia (bacterial) |
| How long should a nasal decongestant be used? | 3-5 days, can lead to rebound congestion, may also ↑ BP & HR |
| Describe the first intervention in a client with epistaxis? | Pinch nose and lean head forward |
| What is leukoplakia? | White, patchy precancerous lesion found in laryngeal cancer |
| Describe chest physiotherapy? | Used in pneumonia to loosen and mobilize lung secretions, includes percussion, vibration and postural drainage |
| How is a tuberculin test result read and interpreted? | Induration assessed 48-72 hours after the skin test, usually induration over 10 mm significant |
| Describe nursing care after a bronchoscopy? | Maintain NPO status until cough and gag reflexes return. Sore throat and hoarse voice common after procedure |
| Why is a sputum for acid fast bacilli ordered? | Diagnose tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), obtain sputum X 3 |
| Which nursing intervention loosens lung secretions? | Fluid intake 2.5- 3 L QD |
| Why is O2 started at 2L? | Chronic hypercapnia or CO2 narcosis |
| Diagnostic test for cystic fibrosis? | Sweat choride test |
| How is atelectasis prevented? | DBC, fluids, ambulation |
| What is the #1 cause of respiratory alterations? | Smoking COPD, lung and laryngeal cancer |
