| A | B |
|---|
| Anti-Federalists | opposed the new Constitution, feared the new Constitution would erode fundamental liberties, and argued that the new Constitution was class-based document serving the economic elite |
| Articles of Confederation | the documeny that outlines the voluntary agreement between states and was adopted as the first plan for a permanent union of the United States |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution passed after ratification specifically protecting individual liberties to fulfill promises made by the Federalists to the Anti-Federalists in return for their support |
| Checks and balances | each branch required the consent of the otherss for many of its decisions |
| Connecticut Compromise | the plan adopted at the Constitutional Convention to provide for two chambers in Congress, one representing states equally and the other representing states on the basis of their share of the population |
| Consent of the governed | people must agree on who their leaders will be |
| Constitution | a nation's basic law creating institutions, dividing power, and providing guarantees to citizens |
| Delaration of Independence | the document used by the signers to announce and justify their idepence, the Revolutionary and which was specifically designd to enlist the aid of foreign nations in their revolt. |
| Equal Rights Amendment | was first proposed in 1923, passed by Congress in 1972, but was not ratified by three fourts of the states: this amendment mandated equality of rights under the law regardless of sex. |
| Factions | groups of people, currently known as political parties or interest groups, who arise as a result of unequal distribution of wealth or power to seize the reins of government in their own interest. |
| Federalist Papers | articles written to convince others to support the new Constitution, specically in New York |
| Federalists | argued for ratification of the Constitution by writing the Federalist Papers; included James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay |
| Judicial Review | the courts have the power to decide whether the actions of the legislative and executive branches of state and national governments are in accordance with the Constitution |
| Limited government | clear restrictions on what rulers could do and which safeguard natural/inalienable rights |
| Marbury v. Madison | Judicial review was established in this1803 Supreme Court case |
| Natural/inalienable rights | these are riights to which people are entitled by natural law, including life, liberty, and property/pursuit of happiness |
| New Jersey Plan | a plan by some of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention to provide each state with equal representation in Congress |
| Republic | a system based on the consent of the governed where power is exercised by representatives of the public |
| Separation of powers | each branch of government would be independent of the other (Montesquieu)) |
| Shay's Rebellion | a series of armed attacks on courthouses to prevent judges from foreclosing on farms |
| U.S. Constitution | the document where the foundations of U.S. government are written, providing for national institutions to each have separate but not absolute powers |
| Virginia Plan | the document where the foundations of U.S. government are written, providing for national institutions to each have separate but not absolute powers |
| Writ of habeas corpus | this enables people who are detained by authorities to secure an immediate inquiry and reasons why they have been detained |
