| A | B |
|---|
| pH: | the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution |
| Neutral pH: | a balance of H+ and OH— pure water = 7.0 |
| Acid (acidic): | Acid (acidic): pH lower than 7.0 |
| Acid or base--high H+ concentration, low OH— concentration | acid |
| Base (basic): | pH higher than 7.0 |
| acid or base--low H+ concentration, high OH— concentration | base |
| more H+ ions mean lower/higher pH | lower |
| What does a low pH do to the body? | damages it--damages cells and tissues alters proteins interferes with normal physiological functions |
| Acidosis: | excess H+ in body fluid (low pH) |
| Alkalosis: | excess OH— in body fluid (high pH) |
| Controlling pH-Salts | Salts: positive or negative ions in solution contain no H+ or OH— (NaCl) |
| Controlling pH-Buffers | neutralizes either strong acid or strong base --weak acid/salt compounds |
| buffers | neutralize |
| Molecular groups which allow molecules to interact with other molecules | Functional Groups |
| Chains of many simple sugars (glycogen) | ***Polysaccharides** know this one!! |
| simple sugars with 3 to 7 carbon atoms (glucose) | Monosaccharides: |
| 2 simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis (sucrose) | Disaccharides |
| Lipid functions | Lipids have many functions, including membrane structure and energy storage |
| Lipids | Mainly hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes----Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| Carbohydrates | *quick* energy sources and components of membranes |
| saturated Fatty acids : | saturated with hydrogen (no covalent bonds) unhealthy |
| unsaturated Fatty acids : | unsaturated (1 or more double bonds) |
| Eicosanoids | are signaling molecules made by oxidation of 20-carbon fatty acids. |
| Types of Eicosanoids | 1)Leukotrienes: active in immune system2) Prostaglandins: local hormones, |
| Glycerides | : are the fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule |
| Triglyceride: | are the 3 fatty-acid tails, fat storage molecule |
| Steroids | Cholesterol Estrogens and testosterone Corticosteroids and calcitrol Bile salts |
