| A | B |
|---|
| atomic number | number of protons in an element |
| acid | releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| neutralization | reaction that occurs when equal strength acids and bases are mixed in equal volumes |
| covalent bond | bond is formed when atoms share electrons |
| element | substance composed of only one type of atom |
| ion | a charged atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses |
| nonpolar covalent bond | bond formed when atoms share electrons equally |
| pH | measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution |
| reactants | substances that participate in a chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy need to start a chemical reaction |
| amino acid | subunits that form proteins |
| carbohydrate | organic compound is used mostly for energy |
| catalyst | substance that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| cholesterol | steroid used to form the hormones testosterone and estrogen |
| disaccharide | double sugars |
| double helix | structure of the dna molecule |
| enzyme substrate complex | substance formed when a substrate occupies active site of enzyme |
| sucrose | sugar formed when glucose bonds to fructose |
| glycerol | three carbon alcohol that is an important component of lipids |
| hydrogen bond | bond formed by polar molecules attraction |
| macromolecules | the very large organic molecules found in living tissue |
| mass number | sum total of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| monosaccharide | simplest forms of carbohydrates |
| nucleotides | subunits of the nucleic acids |
| phospholipid | phosphorous containing lipids of the cell membrane |
| polypeptide | name for proteins based on the type of bonds found in proteins |
| proteins | organic compound has the most different kinds of functions and is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| saturated fatty acid | lipid component with only carbon to carbon single bonds in its hydrocarbon chain |
| starch | storage polysaccharide found in plants |
| unsaturated fatty acid | lipid component with some carbon to carbon double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain |
| competitive inhibition | enzyme inhibition associated with molecules with shapes similar to those of the enzyme’s normal substrate |
| hydrophobic | substance that cannot mix with water |
| atomic nucleus | contains the protons and neutrons |
| base | substance that releases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| compound | sunstance composed of two or more different kinds of elements |
| electron | negative particle found in an atom |
| ionic bond | bond is formed by the transfer of electrons |
| neutron | neutral particle in an atom |
| organic compound | compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together |
| active site | area of an enzyme that binds with the substrate |
| amino group | group composed of nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms |
| carboxyl group | group composed of carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and bonded to a hydroxyl group |
| cellulose | structural polysaccharide found in plants |
| coenzyme | substances needed by certain enzymes to completely form a working active site |
| enzyme | biological catalyst |
| fatty acid | component of a lipid contains a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group on one end |
| glucose | sugar is used by all organisms in the process of respiration |
| glycogen | storage polysaccharide found in animals |
| lipid | organic compound stores the most energy and is used to form cell membranes |
| nucleic acid | kind of organic molecules that form dna and rna |
| peptide bond | bond used to join amino acids |
| polar covalent bond | bond is formed when electrons are shared unequally |
| polysaccharide | carbohydrate is formed of long chains of simple sugars |
| products | the materials that are formed by a chemical reaction |
| sucrose | sugar formed when glucose and fructose are bonded together |
| hydrophillic | substance that can mix with and dissolve in water |
| dehydration synthesis | joining organic compounds by removing water |
| hydrolysis | breaking down organic compounds by adding water |
