| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basic units of life |
| cell theory | all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells. |
| eukaryotes | cells that have a nucleus |
| prokaryotes | cells that do not have a nucleus |
| cytoplasm | the part of the cell outside the nucleus |
| nucleus | contains almost all the cell's DNA to make proteins and other important molecules |
| nuclear envelope | made of 2 membranes, surrounds the nucleus |
| chromatin | the granular material you can see in the nucleus |
| chromosomes | threadlike structures contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | where ribosomes are made |
| ribosomes | where protein is made |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | where lipids of the cell membrane are made along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| golgi apparatus | modify, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| organelle | little organs |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes |
| vacuoles | store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondria | organelles that take chamical energy from food and change it into compounds, making it easier for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture energy from sunlight and change it into chemical energy (photosynthesis) |
| cytoskeleton | protein that helps the cell keep its shape |
| centrioles | located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. (not found in plant cells) |
| cell membrane | a thin, flexible barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell wall | provides support and protection for the cell |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution |
| diffusion | when particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. |
| equilibrium | when the concentration fo the solute is the same throughout a system. |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selected membrane |
| isotonic | same strength |
| hypertonic | above strength |
| hypotonic | below strength |
| facilitated diffusion | allows particular substances to cross different membranes |
| organ | group of tissue that work together |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
| lipid bilayer | double layered membrane |
| active transport | when diffusion happens and materials move in the opposite direction |
| endocytosis | the process of taking material into the cell and turning it into food |
| phagocytosis | "cell eating" a way for cells to "eat" |
| pinocytosis | process of storing liquid for the cell to use |
| exocytosis | the membrane of the vacuole surrounds material fused to the cell membrane and forces it out of the cell. |
| multicellular | cells throughout an organism can develop in defferent ways to perform different jobs |
| levels of organization | individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems |
