| A | B |
|---|
| Enlightenmennt | :) 18th Century Philospophical movement, contributed to by John Locke and developed by Rousseauwho therorized that all men have "natural rights" that govt must protect as power reside with the people NOT the govt and fi govt is not protecting the "natural rights" of citizens then peolple have the right to obolish it. Reflected in the writtings of T. Paine and T Jefferson. Fueled Am Rev. |
| Diesm | :) Many Enlightenment thinkers were this, based on notion that although God created the universe and est natural laws that there was minimal devine intervention so any problem that existed need to be sovled by man's rational and reason |
| Stamp Act | :) FIRST DIRECT tax in the colonies although widely used in England. Tax on printed papers and legal documents etc menat to raise moeny ofr British troops in colonies. Met great resistance in colonies and was repealed but led to Declaratory Acts which reinfocrced notion that Parliament COULD not only tax colonist but could make laws for colonies. One of many taxes which leads to rally cry of "no taxation w/o representation" for AM REV |
| Writs of Assistance | :)open and unrestricted search warrents used by royal officals in the colonies to uncover smuggeld goods that were an attempt to aovid the townshend Act. seen by colniest as a violation of thier rights and fueled cry for Revoltution. |
| Committees of Correspondence | :) initiated by Sam Adams, leaders of Sons of Liberty, as a means for colnies to exchange letters regarding British threats and violations of colonial liberties. An exaple of colonial unity and cooperation leading to Am Rev |
| Albany Plan of Union | :) developed by Ben Franklins as British govt saw need for colonial coordinated defence but it never really worked becuase colonies could not agrees on powers to tax but this did set precendent for futrue colonial cooperation |
| Proclamation of 1763 | :) to settle the frontier and hopefully illiminate tension between colonists and natives, colonists were prohibited from traveling west of the Appalachiam mountains; colonist met law with anger and defiance as they saw westeward expansion as thier right and reward following the French and Indian/7 years war. |
| Ponitacs Rebellion | :) following this event British issued the PRoclamaiton of 1763 to stabalize the frontier. This was the first test of British rule following &rs War/French and Indian war as indians attacked forts and settlement in western frontier from VA to NY |
| Patrick Henry | :) Virginian patriot who used "no taxation without representation" and "Give me liberty or give me death" to lead colonist in Am Rev |
| Intolerable Acts | :) AKA Coersive Act & Quebec Acts , issued by British governement in responce to boston Tea Party that destroyed 342 chests of tea. Coercive closed Port of Boston, reduced colonial leg power, made colonist tried in Eng and expanded Quartering Act while Quebec gave lands back to Canada, suspended leg and made Catholocism offcial religion. Last straw in road to revolution |
| Salutary Neglect | :) period in which Britain had lax enforcement of policies and colonist smuggled goods and defied laws. This period ended post 7 yrs War when they needed to raise monies to pay off war debt and to raise revenue to defending the colonies. |
| Parliament | :) British legislative body where colonist were "virtually represented" and therefore believed had the power levy taxes and make laws although colonist responded with "no taxation without representation" and became i=embittered with what it saw as this body's violatiosnf otheir liberties |
| Abigail Adams | :) wrote many letters to husband John Adams as he and others were forming the new na. Her letters spoke of rights for women and power and how it can be abused. Despite her prompting, women remained second class citiznes |
| Shay's Rebellion | :) major indicator of Article of Conferations weaknesses leading to the writing of the constitution. Here Am Rev War vets rose up against taxes, debotrs prisons and scarsity of paper money. |
| Common Sense | :) written by T Paine set forth the justfication of rebllion against England using Lockes Enlightenment philosphies and natural rigths of men being violated. Used sciecen analogy of a stelite revolve around the planet not the other way. A small Island should not rule a continent |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | :) Ended Am Rev war and was one of the success of the Articles of Confederation. Signed after Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. 1) said US was independent 2) est boudnaries 3) fishing rigths 4) said US would pay war debts to Brit merchanst and loyalists |
| Land Ordinace of 1785 | :) est way to survey and sell western lands and set aside land for public schools. Refelcts value of education in our democratic society where voters should be educated |
| NW Ordinance of 1787 | :) set asdie rules for creating new states and prohibitied slavery in the area reflecting that banning slavery was possible and that it would possibly be an issue in the future |
| Suffolk Resolves | :) asked fro immiedate repeal of Itolerable acts and for all other coloiens make military preperations and boycott British goods...step closer. Am Rev war and show how colonies are uniting |
| Declaration of Rights and Grievances | :) Gesture to parliament and acknowledges its pwoer to regulate trade and urged King to intervein and restore colonial rights |
| Olive Branch Petition | :) As they prepared for war colonist still saught peace. This petition was rejected by the King who delceare colonies in rebellion and later forbid trade with colonies. One year prior to Declaration of Independence |
| Articles of Confedration | :) first form of govt, changed due to weaknesses as seen by shays rebellion, inability to pay off debt and consequential loss of respect. Weaknesses were due to fear of tyrannical central power so the new nation over corrected |
| The Alien and Sedition Acts | :) Federalist efforts to supress their opponents the Dem-Republicans. Alien Acts extended the period of time immigrants became citizen because most citizens (among other things) voted Dem-Rep and Sedition Act made it illegal to criticize the government. These measures were and abuse of power if not unconstitutional. Resulted in the KN and VA resolutions and cost Federalist the next election |
| Washington's Farewell Address | :) speech given after GW steps down from office afgter 2 terms setting precedent for 2 term limit. Also asked nation to 1) avoid sectionalism 2) avoid political partied 3) avoid foreign alliances 4) avoid European affairs. Sets precedent for foreign policy for years to come |
| The Anti-Federalists | :) Against the ratification of the Constitution (Federalists were for it) and requested a Bill of Rights be added. Feared central govt was too strong. 1st 10 amendments were added because of them |
| The Jay Treaty | :) Cheif Justice Jay was sent to England to negotiate Eng removeal from west forst and to address the issue of siezing and impressing. Only negitaited removal if Brits from Forts and NOT impressment of seaman and seizure of merchant ships. Seen as a traitor to many or failing to do so. Resulted in Pickney Treaty bc Spain didnt want US getting too close to Britain |
| The Proclamation of Neutrality | :)In responce to the Fr Rev. George Washington issued this because American wanted to assist the Fr people as they assisted the colonies in the quest for independence but in opposition many Americans were not wanting to assist the Fr as the revolution involved mob hysteria and mass execution. TJ resigned in protest but GW thought US was too young and weak to get involved. GW reiterates this notion in his farewell address |
| The Public Land Act (1796) | :) to encourage rapid settlement of new west lands, gained from indian battles and Jay Treaty, this created guideline for dividing and selling new lands. HOW to add new states was in the ocnstitution |
| The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | :) Alien and Sedition acts violated 1st Ammenment rights but Courts could not yet declare laws unconstitutional so these state resolutions declaring states could nullify federal laws bc states had entered a "compact" with the fed govt and if fed govt breaks that compact then states can nullify laws much like individuals do with the govt. Notion of nullification is used later in sectionalist issues pre-Civil War. Alien and Sedition Acts were not renewed. |
| Alexander Hamilton | :) His Financial plan meatn to address the financial weaknesses of the AoC set teh goal to 1) pay off national debt and assume states debts 2) est protective tariffs 3) est a national bank. Devide nation and Anit Federalists saw it as creating a too powerful national govt Because this plan passed TJ was allowed his request to have the nations capital in the SOUTH in DC |
| The Judiciary Act | :) Only SUPREME court was specifically in the constitution but all other courst were left up to congress to create the rest of the courts system. With this legislation congress est the SUPREME court as 1 Chief and 5 associate judges. One of many examples of the GW and congress filling out the framework the new constitution laid out. |
| The Electoral College | :) because Constitutional convention delgates efared TO MUCH DEMOCRACY and MOB RULE, the "masses" do not directly elect the president instead delegates (#=number of REps and senators each state has) elect the president. Still in place today and is the reason why a candidate can win the POLUAR vote and still LOSE the election |
| The Whiskey Rebellion | :) whiskey tax was Part of Hamiltons plan to pay off the debt of the new nation under the Constitution. Upset farmer who could not offord to pay. TJ stood up for them. National milita is brought in but no one is hurt and rebellion ends. is to the Constitution as Shays REbellion is to the Article of Confederation |
