| A | B |
|---|
| Crusades | military expeditions undertaken by European Christians |
| Italian City-State | an Italiat independent state and the territory that surrounds it |
| Reformation | the reform movement that resulted in the separation of the Protestantchurches from the Roman Catholic Church |
| Middle Ages | also know as Medieval Times |
| Hundred Years' War | the longest war of the late Middle Ages: fought between England and France |
| Renaissnace | the revival of attention to classical Greek and Roman art, literature, and learning |
| Scientific Revolution | the era of scientific thought in Europe |
| Protestant | a reformer that protested against the abuses of the Catholic church |
| Islam | the religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad |
| monotheism | the belief in one god |
| priests | a person who has the authority to lead or reform religious ceremonies |
| exploration | to have an interest in exploring |
| influenza | a contagious disease causing aches and pains |
| oral tradition | traditions passed on by word of mouth |
| schism | a formal separation within the Christian church |
| malaria | a tropical disease carried by mosquitos |
| individualism | personal independence |
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| Monarchy | a government ruled by a king or queen |
| black plague | a disease that was carried by fleas thta wiped out 1/4 to 1/3 of Europe's population |
| 95 Thesis | written by Martin Luther-an invitation to debate religious issues |
| secular | wordly rather than religious in nature |
| pilgrimage | holy journey |
| excommunication | depriving someone membership in a church |
| feudalism | large landowners or lords gave protection to people in return for their service |
