| A | B |
|---|
| absolute monarch | a king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society |
| divine right | the idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God |
| Edict of Nantes | a 1598 declaration in which the French king Henry IV promised that Protestants could live in peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities |
| skepticism | a philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain |
| intendant | a French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice |
| War of the Spanish Succession | a conflict, lasting from 1701 to 1713, in which a number of European states fought to prevent the Bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France |
| Thirty Years’ War | a European conflict over religion and territory and for power among ruling families, lasting from 1618 to 1648 |
| Seven Years’ War | a conflict in Europe, North America, and India, lasting from 1756 to 1763, in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battled those of Austria, France, Russia, and other countries |
| boyar | a landowning noble of Russia |
| westernization | an adoption of the social, political, or economic institutions of Western—especially European or American—countries |
| English Civil War | a conflict, lasting from 1642 to 1649, in which Puritan supporters of Parliament battled supporters of England’s monarchy |
| Restoration | the period of Charles II’s rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell’s government |
| habeas corpus | a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal |
| Glorious Revolution | the bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary |
| constitutional monarchy | a system of governing in which the ruler’s power is limited by Law |
| cabinet | a group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions |
