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| Cell | Smallest unit of a living organisms that can do the processes needed for life |
| Organism | Any living thing; made of cells, can be one cell or made of many cells and carries out all the life process needed to survive on its own |
| Cell membrane | Organelle that controls what goes into an out of the cell; doorway of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | The only liquid organelle of the cell, it moves them around and cushions them from impact with the cell membrane |
| Organelle | Tiny part inside the cell that has a specific job to do |
| Nucleus | Organelle that controls all the actions going on by the cell, holds the DNA of eukaryotic cells |
| Prokaryote | Unicellular, or one celled organism, that does not have a nucleus. |
| Eukaryote | Any organism, unicellular or multicellular, that has a nucleus to protect the DNA |
| Unicellular | Organism, or living thing, that is made up of only one cell. |
| Multicellular | Organism, or living thing, that is made up of more than one cell working together to keep the organism alive. |
| Robert Hooke | Scientists that first discovered cells, in a piece of cork; made of one the earliest microscopes |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | Scientists that discovered the first living cell, in pond water |
| Matthias Schleiden | Scientist that researched plants and figured out that all plants are made of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | Scientist that researched animals and figured out that all animals are made of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | Scientists that figured out how cells are created, cells are created from other living cells |
| Francesco Redi | Scientist that figured out that living organisms have to come from other living organisms; used the meat and maggots experiment to prove this |
| DNA | The genetic material, usually found inside the nucleus of a cell, that gives the instructions for the cell as well as passes down genetic information from parent to child |
| Mitochondrion | Organelle that does cellular respiration to release stored energy from food in the form of ATP |
| Ribosome | Smallest organelle of the cell, it makes proteins |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Organelle that moves things within the cell; acts as the transportation system of the cell |
| Golgi body | Organelle that packages up and sends materials out to be shipped through the endoplasmic reticulum; like a post office |
| Cell wall | Organelle that is on the outside of the plant cell, it supports and protects the plant cell and give it structure so the plant can grow really tall |
| Vacuole | Organelle that stores substances |
| Chloroplast | Organelle in the plant cell that creates energy through the process of photosynthesis |
| Lysosome | Organelle in the animal cell that breaks down food into smaller pieces for the mitochondria to use, breaks down waste and pushes it out the cell, breaks down worn or damaged organelles so new ones can be made |
| Nucleolus | Organelle in the nucleus that makes the ribosomes |
| Nuclear membrane | Organelle that surrounds the nucleus. It supports and protects the nucleus as well as allows things into or out of the nucleus and keeps things out of the nucleus; doorway of the nucleus |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs the energy from sunlight so the chloroplast can do photosynthesis |
| Tissue | A group of similar cells working together to do a common job |
| Organ | A group of tissues working together to do a common job |
| Organ system | A group of different organs working together to perform a body function |
| Homeostasis | Keeping the inside conditions the same even when the temperature outside changes, includes body temperature, energy level, getting oxygen |
| Photosynthesis | Process where plants use energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make glucose, a sugar, and oxygen; done in the chloroplast of cells |
| Cellular respiration | Process where organisms break down glucose (food) with oxygen to release energy, and make carbon dioxide, and water; done in the mitochondria of cells |
| Mitosis | The process where DNA is duplicated and the nucleus of a cell is split into two nuclei; two identical cells are created during this process |
| Passive transport | The movement of a liquid or gas across the cell membrane without using energy; substances move from where there is more of them to where there are less of them until there is an equal amount inside and outside the cell |
| Diffusion | A process where liquids and gases move from where there are more molecules to where there are less molecules until there is an equal amount all over; no energy is used |
| Osmosis | A special type of diffusion where water moves across a cell membrane from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations |
| Active transport | Process where cells use energy to move a solid into or out of a cell. |
| Glucose | Sugar plants make during photosynthesis; stores energy and is what animals need when they eat plants; C6H12O6 |
