| A | B |
|---|
| surface-to-volume ratio | This number restricts cell size. A cell that reaches this limit must either stop growing or divide. |
| mitosis | In cell division, the nucleus of a cell is divided this process. |
| spindle apparatus | This structure moves the chromosomes around inside the cell during mitosis. |
| interphase | During this phase, the cell undergoes its normal life functions. Chromosomes make copies of themselves during this phase. |
| prophase | During this phase of mitosis, the chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus break apart and disappear. |
| metaphase | During this phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are lined up along the center (equator) of the cell by the spindle apparatus. |
| anaphase | During this phase of mitosis, chromosome duplicates are pulled apart and each forming cell is given its own identical set of chromosomes. |
| telophase | During this phase of mitosis, the daughter cells begin forming new nuclear membranes and the chromosomes decondense. |
| cytokinesis | In this last step of cell division, the cell membrane is pinched in half to form two new cells. |
| daughter cells | This is the name for the two new cells that result from cell division. |
| proto-oncogenes | When mutations occur in this gene that controls the cell cycle, the cells begin receiving signals to divide out of control. |
| tumor-suppresor genes | When mutations occur in this gene that controls the cell cycle, the cells no longer receive signals to stop dividing. |
| mutagen | This term refers to a substance that causes mutations in the genes of cells. |
