| A | B |
|---|
| Vertebrate | Animals with backbones |
| Invertebrates | Animals without backbones |
| Chordata | Phylum that includes vertebrates |
| Arthropoda | Includes animals with "jointed" appendages (spiders, insects, crustaceans, millipedes, and centipedes) |
| Exoskeleton | The outer covering of an insect |
| Head | Front body segment of an insect that contains eyes and antennae |
| Thorax | Middle body segment where the legs and wings are attached |
| Abdomen | Rear body segment where the cerci, ovipositor, and spiracles can be found |
| Hemolymph | Blood-like fluid found in arthropods |
| Ganglia | A mass of nerve cells |
| Crustaceans | Includes crabs, lobsters, shrimp, and wood lice (pill bugs) |
| Chilopoda | Includes the centipedes, which have 1 pair of legs per body segment |
| Diplopoda | Includes the millipedes, which have 2 pairs of legs per body segment |
| Arachnida | Includes organisms with 2 body segments and 4 pairs of legs, such as spiders and ticks |
| Insecta | Includes organisms with 3 body segments and 3 pairs of legs, such as butterflies, grasshoppers, and flies |
| Open | Type of circulatory system found in insects with blood-like fluid flowing throughout the body |
| Closed | Type of circulatory system found in humans with blood flowing through vessels |
| Pheromones | Type of chemicals that are released by animals to influence the behavior of others of the same species |
| Homing | The instinct that allows an insect to return to its nest or home even after a long trip or long period of time |
| Ocelli | Refers to the simple eye found on an insect |
| Spiracles | Breathing holes found on an insect's abdomen |
| Cerci | Structures on the end of an insect's abdomen that are used as sensory organs or used for defense |
| Ovipositor | Egg laying structure found on female insects |
| Incomplete | Type of metamorphosis with 3 stages, the young resembles the adult (but does not have wings and cannot reproduce) |
| Complete | Type of metamorphosis with 4 stages in which the young do not resemble the adult |
| Nymph | Young insect that resembles the adult, but often does not have wings and cannot reproduce |
| Larva | Second stage of incomplete metamorphosis; such as caterpillars, maggots, or grubs |
| Pupa | Third stage of complete metamorphosis where a larva turns into a chrysalis or cocoon. |
| Proboscis | Tube-like mouth structure that butterflies and moths use to suck up nectar from flowers |
| Sponging | Type of feeding method in which the insect's mouth part absorbs liquid to send them to the esophagus |
| Siphoning | Type of feeding seen in bees in which they suck up liquids |
| Entomologist | Scientist who studies insects |
| Biological Control | Using insects and other natural predators to control pests |
| Insecticides | Chemicals that kill insects; also called pesticides |
| Molting | The shedding of an exoskeleton that allows an invertebrate to grow larger |
| Mimicry | Insects use this when they look like dangerous insects for protection, such as viceroys looking like monarchs or flower flies looking like bees |
| Crypsis | Insects use this when they have coloring to help them blend into their habitats, such as katydids |
| Mimesis | Occurs when an insect looks like an object, such as eyespots on butterfly wings or mantis looking like a flower |
| Society | Insects living in groups and working together to provide food and defense as well as raise the young |
| Warning Colors | Insects use these to indicate they are poisonous or dangerous, such as yellow, red, and black |
| Aquatic | Arthropods that live in water or need water for part of their life cycle, such as dragonfly nymphs or mosquito larvae |
| Terrestrial | Arthropods that live mainly on land, such as pill bugs and hermit crabs |
