| A | B |
|---|
| acropolis | he high part of a Greek city-state where temples were located |
| monarchy | rule by one person |
| aristocracy | rule by a landholding elite |
| oligarchy | rule by powerful elite from the business class |
| direct democracy | system of government in which citizens participate in the day to day affairs of the government rather than through elected officials |
| legislature | the law making body of a government |
| Peloponnesus | the peninsula that Sparta is located on |
| Attic | the peninsula that Athens is located on |
| Zeus | the chief god of the Greeks |
| Polis | this term means city-state |
| Phalanx | a massive formation of heavily armed Greek foot soldiers |
| Helot | Spartan slaves |
| Tyrant | a ruler who gained power by force with the support of the people in Ancient Greece |
| Solon | changed the harsh laws of Draco and freed debtors who had been enslaved |
| Cleisthenes | formed the Council of 500 where citizens chosen by lot |
| Psistratus | a tyrant who gave land to poor citizens and increased the voice of poor citizens in the government |
| hoplite | Greek foot soldier |
| Alliance | a formal agreement between two or more nations to cooperate and come to one another’s defense |
| Jury | a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial |
| Stipend | a fixed salary |
| Ostracism | the vote to banish a public figure whom Athenians saw as a threat to their democracy |
| Delian League | league formed by Athens and its allies after the Persian War |
| Peloponnesian League | league formed by Sparta and its allies after the Persian War |
| Pericles | Athenian leader who transformed Athens into a cultural center after the Persian War |
| Battle of Marathon | “battle fought between mostly Athenians and the Persians led by Darius; it was a surprising Greek victory” |
| Battle of Thermopylae | a battle fought in the Persian War with Xerxes where 300 Spartans sacrificed themselves in a narrow passage for the good of other Greeks |
| Strait of Salamis | “naval battle fought here between Greeks and Persians; Greeks were victorious” |
| Aspasia | an educated, foreign-born woman who helped Pericles rebuild Athens after the Persian War |
