| A | B |
|---|
| CYTOLOGY | STUDY OF CELLS |
| CELL MEMBRANE | *support *protection *controls movement of materials in/out of cell *barrier between cell and its environment *maintains homeostasis |
| NUCLEUS | large, oval structure found in both plant and animal cells. It controls and regulates all cell activities. It contains genetic material. |
| CYTOPLASM | thick, jellylike substance found in both plant and animal cells filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It contains and supports the cell organelles. This constantly in motion. |
| CHLOROPLAST | uses energy from sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis) |
| NUCLEOLUS | SITE OF RIBOSOME SYNTHESIS & ASSEMBLY |
| RIBOSOMES | SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS BY LINKING AMINO ACIDS |
| CHLOROPLASTS | FOUND IN PLANT CELL & CONTAINS THE CHEMICAL CHLORPHYLL |
| ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube like structures known as cisternae with ribosomes attached |
| ROBERT HOOKE | 1665 -English scientist that cut a thin slice of cork and looked at it under his microscope. To him, the cork seemed to be made up of empty little boxes, which he named cells |
| GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS | Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins |
| MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN | 1838 German botanist who determined plants are composed of cells. |
| SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | Transports and modifies organelles, highway for cell. Processes lipids, fats and such. No ribosomes on this organelle |
| RUDOLF VIRCHOW | 1858 - A doctor who stated that all living cells come from other living cells (part 3 of the cell theory) |
| CENTRIOLE | Play a role in mitosis (cell division), in animal cels only - Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules. Three microtubles in each group. These are part of the cytoskeleton. |
| LYSOSOME | Contains digestive enzymes necessary for breaking down materials within a cell |
| ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK | 1673 Dutch naturalist who created a very powerful (for the time period) single lens microscope, He observed pond water. In pond scum he discovered small animals he called animalcules,or little animals (protists),and also discovered bacteria while examining scraping of crud from his teeth. |
| MITOCHONDRIA | Provides energy to cell. Have a double membrane. The outside is smooth but the inner is highly folded to increase its surface area. Cellular respiration is performed here, making energy (ATP) for the cell. Has its own DNA and ribosomes - Powerhouse of the cell |
| CYTOSKELETON | Helps maintain cell shape. Its primary importance is in cell motility. It makes the cell move internally and externally. |
| CHROMATIN | plant and animal cell: strands that contain the genetic material that tells the cell how to function. |
| SEMI OR SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE | A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| EUKARYOTIC | An organism with cells characteristic of all life forms except primitive microorganisms such as bacteria |
| CELL | the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| THEODORE SCHWANN | German physiologist, histologist, & zoologist who in 1838 and 1839 identified the cell as the basic structure of animal tissue (1810-1882) |
| PROKARYOTIC | A single‐celled organism that lacks a membrane‐bound nucleus and specialized organelles. |
| NUCLEAR MEMBRANE/ENVELOPE | Double membrane that separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell. Contains nuclear pores that controls what goes in and out of the cell. |
| DNA | Hereditary information that gets passed on during reproduction. It also directs the cells activities while not dividing. Responsible for the production of proteins. |
| CELL WALL | Thick outer layer in plant cells. Made of the carbohydrate cellulose. It maintains the shape of these cells and creates a protective barrier. Fluid collects in the plant cell's vacuole and pushes against it, creating turgor pressure. Also found in fungi, algae, and some bacteria. |
| NUCLEOPLASM | the protoplasm that is found inside the nucleus of a cell |
| EU | true |
| PRO | before |
| KARY | nucleus |
| PHOBIC | fearful or repelling |
| PHILLIC | likes or attracted to |
| FLAGELLA | single tail-like structure on microscopic organisms used for movement |
| CAPSULE | tough, outer layer of bacteria used for protection |
| PHOSPHOLIPID | fatty acids that make up cell membranes |
| CARBOHYDRATES | part of plasma membrane, made up of sugar molecules that react to identify chemicals trying to enter or leave the cell |
| PROTEINS | part of plasma membrane, forms channels or pumps for moving substances into or out of the cell |
| CHOLESTEROL | part of plasma membrane, makes the bilayer stronger and more flexible |
