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| What action would be necessary to take to make it safe for people to be able to raise cattle in the tsetse belt between the Sahara and the Kalahari deserts, where tsetse flies are very common? Why would this action be needed? | It would be necessary to find a way to get rid of the tsetse flies in that region. Tsetse flies carry sleeping sickness, which can kill people and their cattle. It is not safe for people to raise livestock where there are tsetse flies. |
| What effect does Sudan’s lack of water, usable farmland, and other resources have on the country’s people? | Without much water or ways to grow crops, and with only oil as a money-earning export, Sudan’s people are sometimes faced with famine, or a shortage of food. |
| How are South African leaders F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela different? How are they alike? | F.W. de Klerk was South Africa’s white president when apartheid oppressed black South Africans. Nelson Mandela was a black South African who was imprisoned for his actions opposing Apartheid. De Klerk came to believe, like Mandela, that apartheid was damaging South Africa. De Klerk released Mandela from prison and both worked to end apartheid. Together, they won the Nobel Peace Prize, and Mandela later became president of South Africa. |
| Which actions taken by European countries in their African colonies were harmful to the people of Southern and Eastern Africa? Which actions were helpful? | The harmful actions that European countries took included seizing the land, enslaving people to work the land, sending people to other countries as enslaved people, and having no respect for the different African cultures. Some helpful things the Europeans did were to abolish slavery, to bring modern health care to the region, to build roads and railroads, and to build schools so that African people had access to formal education. |
| If a large percentage of a country’s people are unable to read, how might that affect the country’s economic development? | Having a large percentage of people who cannot read would harm a country’s economic development. People who do not know how to read cannot hold jobs that require reading or writing. The country would lack educated workers who can help the economy grow, such as office workers, business managers, doctors, teachers, and government leaders. |
| Since Sudanese herders with government support have killed thousands of Darfur farmers, why might surviving farmers be going to refugee camps in Chad? | The Darfur farmers want to get as far away from the Sudanese herders as possible. The farmers know that the Sudanese government supports the herders’ attacks, and they want to get far away from Khartoum, as well. They feel safe in the refugee camps across the border in Chad. |
| What is one way European colonization upset life in West and Central Africa? | by drawing borders without regard to the location of ethnic groups. |
| During the period when Arab traders came to West and Central Africa to trade salt for gold, how did they change the culture of the region? | They introduced the religion of Islam |
| Mikhail Gorbachev began to loosen government control within the Soviet Union and to support greater ____________ in the Soviet satellites of Eastern Europe. | democracy |
