| A | B |
|---|
| life cycle | the stages of life of an organism (born, grow, reproduce, die) |
| life span | how long an organism lives |
| budding | growing offspring on its body that later breaks off |
| clone | an exact copy of its parent |
| heredity | the passing down of traits from parents to offspring |
| inherited trait | a trait or set of actions that offspring receive from their parents |
| learned behavior | changes a behavior through experience or learning |
| sexual reproduction | producing a new organism from two parents |
| fertilization | a sperm cell and an egg join into a single unit |
| asexual reproduction | producing a new organism a single parent |
| vegetative propagation | producing a new plant from a leaf, root, or stem |
| runners | plant stems that lie on or under the ground and sprout up as new plants |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil |
| pollen | a yellow powder that contains sperm cells |
| embryo | the beginning of a new offspring |
| seed coat | the outer tough covering protecting the seed |
| germination | the development of a seed into a new plant |
| monocot | produces seeds with a single cotyledon - corn, grass |
| dicot | produces seeds with two cotyledons - bean plant, roses |
| conifer | a gymnosperm plant that has seeds but no flowers - evergreens |
| self-pollination | a perfect flower with both male and female parts pollinates itself |
| cross-pollination | when pollen from one plant pollinates a flower on a different plant |
| cotyledon | an embryo's food source |
| larva | immature stage that does not look like an adult |
| pupa | non-feeding stage during which a hard caselike coconut surrounds the organism |
| nymph | similar to an adult but is smaller and lacks wings |
| external fertilization | out-of-body joining of egg and sperm |
| internal fertilization | joining of egg and sperm inside a female's body |
| metamorphosis | series of changes in a life cycle |
| incomplete metamorphosis | each change in life is similar to the one before - grasshopper |
| complete metamorphosis | each stage is unlike any other stage - butterfly |
| instinct | a behavior that an organism is born with and does not need to learn |
| gene | contains chemical instructions for inherited traits |
| dominant trait | main trait |
| recessive trait | hidden trait |
| pedigree | a chart used to trace the history of traits in a family |
| carrier | any individual who has inherted the gene for a trait but does not show that trait physically |
