| A | B |
|---|
| epidermis | tissue formed of clear tightly packed cells which protect the surfaces of leaves |
| palisade mesophyll | tissue in the middle of the leaf is formed of tightly packed photosynthesizing cells that are taller than they are wide |
| guard cells | name of the cells that limit the loss of water by opening and closing the openings on the lower surface of the leaf |
| transpiration | the evaporation of water from a leaf |
| grana | folded sacs of the chlorophyll holding inner membrane of the chloroplast |
| Priestley | discovered that plants release oxygen |
| Engelmann | determined the wavelengths of light used in photosynthesis |
| DeSaussere | discovered that water is necessary for photosynthesis to occur |
| Dark Reactions | pathway of photosynthesis stores chemical energy by synthesizing carbohydrates |
| photosystem | group of pigments that absorb and channel the light energy of the sun |
| photosystem I | photosystem that forms NADPH |
| photolysis | reaction that splits water to release O2 and provide electrons and hydrogen ions for the light reactions |
| RuBP | 5 carbon sugar that participates in carbon fixation |
| absorption spectrum | the types of light absorbed by a particular pigment |
| Calvin Cycle | pathway that regenerates RuBP |
| Hexose Shunt | pathway that actually forms new molecule of glucose |
| green & yellow | two colors of light are least important for photosynthesis |
| light, CO2 concentration, O2 concentration, temperature | factors that alter or limit the rate at which photosynthesis occurs |
| chlorophyll | green pigments found in plants |
| carotenes | orange pigments found in plants |
| cyclic photophosphorylation | uses the sunlight to form ATP that is used directly by plant cells |
| noncyclic photophosphorylation | occurs when carbon dioxide and water are readily available |
| cuticle | waxy barrier on the upper surface of the leaf |
| spongy mesophyll | photosynthesizing cells separated by many air spaces |
| stomate | openings on the lower side of the leaf that allow the exchange of gasses |
| thylakoids | inner membranes of a chloroplast |
| stroma | space in between the outer an inner membrane of a chloroplast? |
| Van Helmont | determined that plants gain mass from water |
| Ingenhousz | determined that plants need light to release oxygen |
| Mayer | first to describe the Dark Reactions of photosynthesis |
| light reactions | pathway of photosynthesis that converts sunlight into chemical energy |
| reaction center | pigment in a photosystem that accepts all of the energy absorbed by the other pigments |
| photosystem II | photosystem that splits water and forms ATP |
| carbon fixation | pathway that attaches carbon dioxide to RuBP |
| rubisco | enzyme catalyzes the initial reaction of the Dark Reactions of photosynthesis |
| PGAL | 3 carbon sugar is used in the Calvin Cycle to regenerate RuBP |
| photorespiration | pathway produces PGA and glycolate when the concentration of O2 in a plant is too high |
| red & violet | colors of light are most important for photosynthesis |
| C4 plants | plants whose bundle sheath cells release carbon dioxide from a 4 carbon acid |
| CAM plants | desert plants open their stomates at night and fix carbon dioxide into an acid |
| nonxanthophyll | yellow pigments in plants |
