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| Absolute cell reference | A reference applied to a specific cell or range of cells regardless of where the formula is located in the worksheet. An absolute cell reference uses a dollar sign in front of the column and row markers in a cell address. |
| Calculation operator | Operators that specify the calculations to be performed. |
| Cell reference | A reference that identifies a cell's location in the worksheet based on its row number and column letter. |
| Constant | A number or text value entered directly into a formula. |
| External reference | A cell or range in a worksheet in another Excel workbook, or a defined name in another workbook. |
| Formula | An equation that performs calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, on values in a worksheet. |
| Mixed cell reference | A cell reference that uses an absolute column or row reference, but not both. |
| Named range | A group of cells, and occasionally a single cell, with a designated name. |
| Nested parentheses | Parentheses inside of parentheses within a formula. |
| Operand | An element that identifies the values to be used in a calculation. |
| Order of Operations | The rules Excel follows to calculate any formula that contains two or more operators. |
| Relative cell reference | A cell reference that adjusts the cell identifier automatically if you insert or delete columns or rows, or if you copy the formula to another cell. |
| Scope | The location within which Excel recognizes a named range, which is either a specific worksheet or the entire workbook. If you set the scope of a named range on any sheet in the workbook. |
| Value | A number, a cell address, a date, text, or Boolean data in Excel. Regarding formulas, it is usually a number or cell address. |
| Variable | A symbol or name that represents something else; it can be a cell address, a range of cells, and so on. |
