| A | B |
|---|
| epic of gilgamesh | A Babylonian epic about a bad king who become a good king |
| hunting and gathering societies | the first type of human socieites |
| judaism | monotheistic religion from the Middle East. Started with Abraham and only for the "choosen people" |
| Daoism | Chinese philosophy that tell you to go with the flow or follow the dao |
| Polytheism | means to worship more than one god |
| madate of heaven | Chinese idea that teh Zhou dynasty developed. Meaning having the approval from heaven to rule...you can also lose it too. |
| Confucianism | Chinese philosophy-accept your role and harmony will come from it. Filial piety or respect is key to this thought system. |
| Hinduism | Indian religion-very diverse-many ways to achieve moksha and they believe in reincarnation |
| Buddhism | Religion out of India-goal to achieve nirvana and believe one had to give up desire in order to achieve this -via the 8 Fold Path |
| Sparta | Greek city-state that was very militant |
| Dark Ages | Time period in Greece following the Trojan Wars were a lack of scholarship and learning happened throughout Greece-until 750 BCE |
| Athens | Greek city-state that become democratic and was known for its art and philosophy |
| Persian Wars | 490-479 BCE Persia vs Greece. Over Greek support for Greek revolts against Persian War-Greece won! |
| Peloponnesian War | 431-404 BCE -Athens vs. Sparta-caused over the spending of the Delian league monies. Sparta won but this war caused the overall decline of Greece from power. |
| battle of Thermopylae | 480 BCE -Greeks held off the Persian advance in a small valley- but the Persians found a secret passage way and killed the 300 Spartan soldiers who stayed behind. This event pulled the Greek war effort together -although they lost this battle the Greeks won the war |
| battle of Marathon | 490 BCe Athens vs. Persia-the Persians took ships to try and attack the city of Athens thus cutting their military force and allowing the Athenians to take advanatage of this and win. They sent a runner back to Athens to deliver the news from the battlefield and he died after telling teh message-hence why we run marathons today!!! Greek victory |
| king | Julius Caear seemed to be this when he claimed to be the dictator for life of the Roman Republic. He had to die because you cannot have a king for life at the same time as a republic! |
| Trojan War | Troy vs the Mycenaeans over a beautiful woman (Helen-oh that apple of discord!) Greeks won and Troy was sacked! Greece then went into the dark ages afterwards. |
| Punic wars | 264-146 BCE -Rome vs. Carthage over dominance of the Western Mediterranean Sea. Rome won- |
| Triumvirate | 3 generals ruling together-always breaks down into a fight for ultimate power-Julius Caesar and Octavian win them |
| Roman Republic | 509 BCE this was the form of government of Rome after their last harsh king-Tarquin the Proud |
| battle of Chareonea | 338 BCE-King Philip II of Macedonia takes control of Greece |
| Alexander the Great | king of Macedonia who takes control of Egypt, Persia, and parts of India-largest land based empire to date! |
| Julius Caesar | a great Roman general who was part of the first triumvirate and became dictator for life of Rome...yeah didn't work out so well because he was murdered for attempting to be a king of a REPUBLIC!!! oops 44 BCE |
| Octavian | heir of Julius Caesar- part of the 2nd triumvirate-fought Mark Antony and Cleopatra in the battle of Actium (31BCE) for control of Rome and won. Became the first emperor of Rome-called Augustus and Rome was no longer a Republic |
| Diocletian | Roman Emperor (284) who split up the empire into 2 parts to make it easier to rule |
| polis | city-state (greece) |
| 12 Tables | Roman law code- the plebeians got it passed and this helped them get more rights! |
| Gracchus | brothers who tried to socially and politically reform Reform and fix the inequality game...they were basiclaly killed by the Senate for their popularity with the common people...yikes! |
| 476 | this is when the Roman Empire offically fell-the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus (a boy), abdicated the throne to Germanic invaders |
| Latifundias | giant estates created by the patricians which the smaller farmers couldn't compete with so they went out of business. Drove many plebeians into poverty and homelessness...so sad! |
| patricians | the wealthy of Rome-in control of the Senate and much of the wealth of the empire |
| plebeians | the regular classes of Rome-usually farmers |
| generals | these are commanders of the military who rose to power to dominate Rome following the civil wars |
| Constantine | Roman Emperor-reunited Rome and Diocletian, made Christianity legal with the Edict of Milan in 313, and built the eastern capital of Constantinople |
| Huns | nomadic invaders from the East who pushed into Germanic groups upsetting the delicate balance between them and Rome -led to invasions into the empire and the eventual fall of Rome itself-thanks Huney...lol |
| Spartacus | led one of the largest slave revolts of all history in the Roman empire in 73-70 BCE -showed teh problems of ow the Romans treated their slaves. Unsuccessful though! |
| Kaaba | Holy site in Islam-believed to be the site where Abraham created their first house of worship to God...polluted then over time and then restored by the Prophet Muhammad in 630 after he took Mecca |
| Byzantine Empire | Eastern part of the Roman Empire became this when Rome fell |
| Muhammad | the prophet of Islam who gave revelations to people regards correct behavior in addition to the Judo-Christian revelations |
| Justinian | Great emperor of the Byzantine empire who retook much of the Mediterranean Sea area, married a woman of many talents-Theodora, built the Hagia Sophia, and even survived the plague and defeated the Nika revolt-kinda awesome |
| Protestant | this is a religious revolution against the western church led by Martin Luther in 1517. Those who agreed with him left the western church and were thus known protesting princes...it helped that they didn't have to listen to the Pope or pay taxes/ lands to the church! |
| Quran | holy book of Islam |
| caliphs | successors politically to the prophet Muhammad |
| Franks | Germanic group who rose to power in Western Europe followign the fall of the Roman Empire |
| Bubonic Plague | horrible disease that killed up to 1/3 of Europe...Justinian contracted and survived it! |
| Martin Luther | in 1517 posted his 95 Thesis and started the Protestant Reformation or split from the Western Church |
| behavior | the prophet, Muhammad, took Judo-Christian traitions one step further with his revelations on correct behavior with Islam |
| Mecca | holy city where the Kaaba is located, taked in 630 by the prophet Muhammad |
| Crusades | holy wars launched by Pope Urban II to retake the Holy Lands from Muslims (Seljuk Turks) because they halted religious pilgrims from going to Israel. From 1096-1291 -Mulitple ones and the Muslims won eventually |
| Sunni | any good Muslim could be the leader of the people |
| Shiite | those related to the prophet Muhammad should be the political leaders |
| Clovis | leader of the Franks who converted to Christianity in 496-this faciliated the spread of Christianity among Germanic peoples of Europe! Big deal |
| Umayyads | first Islamic dynasty 661-750 after the Sunni-Shiite split. |
| Renaissance | cultural reawaking of Europe 1500s |
| Abbasids | 750-1258 Islamic dynasty-started losing lands |
| Charlemange | Franks king-empire started to become the Holy Roman Empire (Roman during his time) and he forced the conversion of many people to Christianity |
| 5 Pillars | the basic beliefs of Islam |
