| A | B |
|---|
| Imperialism | establishing control over foreign lands and peoples |
| Punicus | Latin term for Phoenician |
| Province | lands under Roman rule |
| Census | a population count |
| Punic Wars | three wars fought between Rome and Carthage |
| Gracchus brothers | two brothers who tried to put reforms in place to take care of the large number of poor in Rome |
| Circus Maximus | a Racetrack that could hold thousands of Roman spectators. |
| Coliseum | Rome’s largest stadium where gladiator battles were often fought |
| Latifundia | huge estates in Rome |
| Hannibal | a great Carthaginian general who fought in the second Punic War against Rome; he wreaked havoc on the Italian countryside for 15 years |
| Julius Caesar | “great Roman general; he was part of the 1st Triumvirate; had himself declared dictator for life; was assassinated by those in the Senate who feared he would become a king of Rome |
| Augustus Caesar | “also known as Octavian, he was the nephew of Julius Caesar who was a member of the Second Triumvirate and became the first emperor of Rome; his rule of peace and stability began the period known as Pax Romana” |
| Breads and Circuses | Free food and entertainment to control the mobs in Rome |
| Spartacus | slave who led a rebellion against Rome |
| Gaius Marius | first “strong man;” he paid his soldiers who were more loyal to him than Rome |
| First Triumvirate | the political arrangement of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus |
| Second Triumvirate | the political arrangement of Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus |
| Mercenary | foreign soldiers serving for pay |
| Edict of Milan | this proclamation insured the legality of Christianity in the Roman Empire |
| Diocletian | the first emperor to divide the Roman Empire into East and West portions; to slow inflation,he fixed prices and wages; to deter further assassination attempts on emperors, he increased the prestige of the emperor with elaborate ceremony |
| Constantine | a Roman emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the east; he passed the Edict of Milan in 313 C.E. |
| Huns | a group of nomadic herders from Asia led by Attila who threatened the Roman Empire by dislodging the German peoples in Europe with their lethal attacks |
| Hadrian | a "good emperor" who codified Roman law across all provinces and built a wall across Britain |
